Codificación visual y semántica en la demencia tipo Alzheimer (EA) mediante los principios lingüisticos de coherencia, cohesión y ritmo

Resumen

[EN] The patients with Alzheimer's disease suffer a memory loss, with a partial or total disability to recall something previously learned. Today the pharmacological intervention not is capable to reduced the deficit and his efficiency is little for generate a good everyday life. From the scientific literature, it has been proved that these limitations, in some cases, may be reduced if in the acquisition and retrieval new information, are provided to the patients in the form of contextual supports, phonetic, semantic or visual aids. Provide this kind of "help" generate savings of mental resources, by the short-term memory, allowing patients to focus fully on the activities performed and successfully carry out. Exists some form of interventions to reduce the memory deficit. For the acquisition phase, the visual encoding appears to be the most efficacies, but his efficacy is limited to short term memory, disappear the visual cues, disappear also the memorized information. This is very frustrating for sufferers of Alzheimer's, because means memorizing the same material every time is necessary to have it. For this reason the main purpose of this work is to propose a mnemonic learning model, based in acquisition phase on visual encoding, and consolidation phase on semantic elaboration with prosodic aspects of language (coherence, cohesion and rhythm), that would overcome the limitations found in Alzheimer's disease. To overcome these obstacles is necessary to make a second encoding of information encapsulating in an elementary linguistic structure as a simple sentence SVC (Subject, Verb, Complement), which is easily managed by the working memory and to foster the process of consolidation and automation. Present the items in to the verbal and visual form, correspond to saving "cognitive energy", and generate a robust encoding. Made once the information on this form, for to automate the recollection and make information available for an indefinite period, it is necessary repeat the sentences created in a rhythmic form a sufficient number of times to make his pronunciation without any uncertainty and that the phonological system is saturated (are required a minimum of five repetition). The repetition phase is realized with "synchronized repetition" with a metronome set at 120 bpm (beats per minute) and with the Spaced Retrieval Technique, well known in the scientific literature for consolidation of memory.