A sociedade no seculo XXI e a sua relaçao com a (in) sustentabilidade e a ética ambientalEstudo de modelos de algunas comunidades do Brasil, da Espanha e Portugal como exemplo de sustentabilidade e etica ambiental

Abstract

The human actions make authentic the actual socioenvironmental crisis of this century. This paper describes the historical process of the economical development generated by the capitalism and the globalization as well as the socio-environmental issues. We have made a critical analysis regarding the occidental ethics paradigms imposed on the socioeconomics changes of the last centuries, reflected directly on this millennium as a set of problems that urge reformulations once it is one of the most discussed actual issues: the environmental global and regional impact generated by the development model in vigour until today. The choice for this object of study establishes this research�s authenticity admitting its usual viability. We have worked with small sustainable communities that put in evidence the new social-environment model as a legitimate and effective fundamental proposal for a sustainable development. We undertook theoretical and practical studies using the following methodologies: phenomenology; ethnography; historical comparison and qualitative evaluation, all subsides to the chapters that were the support to this research as well as to the fieldwork realized on nine alternative communities, using participant observation. The process of gathering data to this paper took place from 2008 to 2010 in Brazil, Portugal and Spain. In Brazil, the communities studied are in the northeast (Rural Community Carfanaum- Bahia), southeast (Rural Community Bairro Demétria- Botucatú, São Paulo) and in the south (Ecovila Arca Verde- São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul). In Portugal we studied Aldeia de Sacois and Aldeia Rio de Onor that are members of the Bragaça Board and Aldeia de Cidões, member of the Vinhais Board. The three of them are situated on the Trás-Os-Montes area, the country�s northeast region. In Spain the communities we worked with are on the northwest (Ecoaldea Amayuelas de Abajo-Palencia), North (Ecoaldea Matavenero y Pobueno- León) and Northeast (Ecoaldea de Valdipielagos- Valdipielagos). We confirmed in our research the hypothesis analyzing tabulation of qualitative and quantitative data that prove these communities sustainability through principles of ethic responsibility,using clean technology on the construction, alternative energy, treating the residues, developing organic agriculture and permacultura and creating animals on an ecological way. We approach the idea of the need to a sustainable development and the existence of an ethic worldwide accepted as a solution to minimize the environmental and social crisis inherited from the XXI century as well as we describe models of communities that are examples of sustainability and environmental ethics.