La película como recurso pedagógico en la formación de estudiantes de periodismo en Brasil

Abstract

Current needs imply the use of new information and communication technologies (ICT) as a way for professional and social survival. It has a direct reflection on education, in regard to docent�s performance. In case educators do not get involved with new technological innovations, there is a serious risk of having students who would not accomplish the market and contemporary society demands. Therefore, one of the possible strategies is to foment the use of ICT as educational resources, in order to enhance the relation between communication and education, by increasing the use of movies in the classroom. Likewise resources such as journalistic reports, music, video, games, etc., movies can enrich discussions about specific issues. They can also enable the access to other types of discuss and language, mainly audiovisual, for students at different levels and ages. The objective of this research is to study the use of movies in the classroom as pedagogical resources by journalism docents in Brazilian Educational Institutions (Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI and Faculdade Santo Agostinho - FSA). Based on that, the specific objectives are: (1) to analyze the relation between cinema and education taking into account the specificities of Total Language Pedagogy or educommunication; (2) to quantify the use of movies by University docents in journalism; (3) to qualify the use of movies by analyzing: motivation; type of movies; selection criteria; implementation procedures; perception of the contribution towards students formation; activities evaluation; (4) to compare the use of movies between journalism docents of the educational institutions included in this study in regard to: didactic-pedagogical use, individual knowledge expansion and innovations in the classroom. The initial selection considered the geographical location. As a docent who works in the Brazilian Northeast/ Piauí State and therefore, with the social responsibility of giving back, the Piauí State was selected, more specifically its capital Teresina, who accommodates four graduation courses. Among them, it was selected a public institution (UFPI, where the oldest graduation course is located) and a private one (FSA, the first one to implement the Journalism course). The docents of both courses were listed, and 36 of them were identified as previous users of movies in the classroom. In order to equalize the two different realities, the final sample consisted of 18 docents: nine from each one of the institutions, which means 50% of the initial universe. Despite all the discussion about scientific research typology, it was selected the quali-quantitative research which allows quantitative analysis integrated with wider data interpretation. The triangulation methodology was used, as well as the literature review and two complimentary techniques: interview and observation. Results show the crescent tendency for the educommunication practice in the Brazilian scenario and in particular, in the included institutions. On the contrary of what was expected, this tendency was observed independently of institutions nature, public or private. After all, 94.45% of the sample succeeds in establishing a relation between cinema and education and 88.88% of them express themselves about educommunication. Despite this, there is not a clear pattern for using the movies by interviewees, which means that the utilization procedure follows individual criteria. Finally, in order to enhance the use of movies as pedagogical resources for Brazilian journalism students� graduation, adaptable suggestions for different realities are presented.