Influencia de un programa de actividad física controlada sobre la densidad mineral ósea medida con ultrasonido y parámetros de la salud

Résumé

SUMMARY The economic development of Portugal and its benefit on the living conditions increased the life expectancy of their populations. Consequently, with increasing age has also increased the probability of bone pathologies, including osteoporosis that affects approximately 800 000 women with a 10% chance of the getting a fracture femoral neck. The present study evaluates the influence of a controlled program of physical activity on bone mineral density measured with ultrasound and other health parameters in women between 48 and 86 years, postmenopausal, non-institutionalized, living in the city of Braga, Portugal. With support from the University of Salamanca, was applied a Geriatric Revitalization Program (PRG) of 60 subjects, 32 in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. Were 42 sessions of the PRG, for 22 weeks, 2 times per week for 50 minutes each session. The evaluations were conducted at the beginning and the end of the PRG, the variables studied were: bone densitometry (BMD) of calcaneus and phalanges, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), flexibility, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). Data were evaluated using multiple correspondence analysis, biplot analysis and ANOVA with repetitions. The results show that the PRG contributed to a significant increase in BMD of the calcaneus, and no significant differences in bone mineral density of the phalanges, flexibility, BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP and HR. The results suggest that for to get significant differences for the rest of the parameters should extend the period of the PRG and in the specific case of the phalanges reprogram the exercises. Keywords: Women, postmenopausal, bone mineral density, geriatric revitalization program, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, flexibility, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, analysis of multiple correspondences, biplot analysis, analysis of variance longitudinal.