Efecto del formato de intervención individual o grupal en la estimulación cognitiva de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer

  1. Fernández Calvo, Bernardino
  2. Contador, Israel
  3. Serna Jaramillo, Adriana Juliet
  4. Menezes de Lucena Carvalho, Virginia A.
  5. Ramos Campos, Francisco
Revista:
Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

ISSN: 1136-5420

Año de publicación: 2010

Volumen: 15

Número: 2

Páginas: 115-123

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/RPPC.VOL.15.NUM.2.2010.4090 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

Resumen

El estudio trata de comprobar si el formato de la intervención individual o grupal, aplicado en un programa multimodal de estimulación cognitiva (PMEC), repercute en la evolución y las alteraciones de la conducta asociadas a pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Cuarenta y cinco participantes diagnosticados de EA probable fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos. El rendimiento de los grupos experimentales, que recibieron el PMEC, en formato individual o grupal, fue comparado con un grupo de control, siguiendo un diseño pre-post, en una serie de medidas neuropsicológicas, funcionales y conductuales estandarizadas. Los grupos sometidos al PMEC lograron enlentecer, significativamente, el avance del deterioro cognitivo y reducir los síntomas conductuales de la EA. El formato de intervención individual, en comparación con el formato grupal, incrementa los beneficios que se derivan de la aplicación de un PMEC para pacientes con EA.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alexopoulos, GS., Abrams, RC., Young, R.C., y Shamoian, C.A. (1988). Cornell scale for depression in dementia. Biological Psychiatry, 23, 271-284.
  • Ávila, R., Carvalho, I.A. M., Bottino, C.M.C., y Miotto, E. (2007). Neuropsychological rehabilitation in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease patients. Behavioural Neurology 18, 225-233.
  • Blesa, R., Pujol, M., Aguilar, M., Santacruz, P., BertranSerra, I., Hernández, G., Sol, J.M. y Peña-Casanova, J. NORMACODEM Group (2001). Clinical validity of the ‘mini-mental state’ for Spanish speaking communities. Neuropsychologia, 39, 1150-1157.
  • Boada, M., Cejudo, J. C., Tárraga, L., López, O. L., y Kaufer, D. (2002). Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q): Validación española de una forma abreviada del Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Neurología, 17, 317-323.
  • Breuil, V., de Rotrou, J., Forette, F., Tortrat, D., GanasiaGanem, A., Frambourt, A., Moulin, F., y Boller, F. (1994). Cognitive stimulation of patients with dementia: Preliminary results. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9, 211-217.
  • Burgener, S.C., Yang, Y., Gilbert, R., y Marsh-Yant, S. (2008). The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention on Outcomes of Persons with Early Stage Dementia. Ame-rican Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 23, 382-394.
  • Chapman, S.B., Weiner, M.F., Rackley, A., Hynan, L. S., y Zientz, J. (2004). Effects of cognitive-communication stimulation for Alzheimer’s disease patients treated with donepezil. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 1149-1163.
  • Clare, L., Woods, R.T., Moniz-Cook, E.D., Orrell, M., y Spector, A. (2003). Cognitive rehabilitation and cogni-tive training interventions targeting memory functioning in early stage Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (Cochrane Review). En The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Clare, L. (2008a). Introducing neuropsychological reha-bilitation and people with dementia. En L. Clare (Ed.), Neuropsychological Rehabilitation and People with Dementia (pp. 1-4). Hove: Psychology Press.
  • Clare, L. (2008b). Towards individualized rehabilitation interventions. En L. Clare (Ed.), Neuropsychological Rehabilitation and People with Dementia (pp. 65-82). Hove: Psychology Press.
  • Clare, L., y Woods, R.T. (2004). Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14, 385-401.
  • Davis, R., Massman, P., y Doody, R. (2001). Cognitive intervention in Alzheimer disease: A randomized pla-cebo-controlled study. Alzheimer Disease and Associa-ted Disorders, 15, 1-9.
  • Díaz, C., y Peraita, H. (2008). Neuropsychological evaluation and cognitive evolution of a bilingual Alzheimer patient. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología clínica, 13(3), 219-228
  • Farina, E., Mantovani, F., Fioravanti, R., Rotella, G., Villa-nelli, F., Imbornone, E., Olivotto, F., Tincani, M., Albe-roni, M., Petrone, E., Nemni, R., y Postiglione, A. (2006). Efficacy of recreational and occupational activities associated to psychologic support in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a multicenter controlled study. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 20, 275-282.
  • Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., y McHugh, P.R. (1975). Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
  • Gatz, M., Fiske, A., Fox, L., Kaskie, B., Kasl-Godley, J.E., McCallum, T.J., y Wetherell, J.L. (1998). Empirically validated psychological treatments for older adults. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 4, 9-45.
  • Gates, N., y Valenzuela, M. (2010). Cognitive exercise and its role in cognitive function in older adults, Current Psychiatry Reports, 12, 20-27.
  • Hughes, C.P., Berg L., Danziger W, L., Cohen L.A., y Mar-tin, R. (1982). A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 566-572
  • Karlsson, I., Brane, G., Melin, E., Nyth, A.I., y Rybo, E. (1988). Effects of environmental stimulation on biochemical and psychological variables in dementia. Acta Psychiatrica. Scandinavica, 77, 207-213
  • Kaufer, D.I., Cummings, J.L., Ketchel, P., Smith, V., MacMillan, A., Shelleu, T., López, O.L., y DeKosky, S.T. (2000). Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 12, 233-239.
  • Kitwood, T. (1997). Dementia reconsidered: The person comes fi rst. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Koltai, D.C., y Branch, L.G. (1999). Cognitive and affective interventions to maximise abilities and adjustment in dementia. Annals of Psychiatry, 7, 241-255.
  • Koltai, D.C., Welsh-Bohmer, K.A., y Schmechel, D.E. (2001). Infl uence of anosognosia on treatment outcome among dementia patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11, 455-475.
  • Linn, M.W., y Linn, B.S. (1982). The rapid disability rating scale. Part 2. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society; 139, 1136-1139.
  • Luria, A.R. (1966). Human Brain and Psychological Processes. New York: Harper & Row.
  • McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., y Stadlan, E.M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services task force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 34, 939-944.
  • Mobs, R.C., Rosen, W.G., y Davis, K.L. (1983). The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale: An instrument for assessing treatment effi cacy. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 19, 448-450.
  • Monllau A., Aguilar M., Pena-Casanova J., Bohm P., Blesa R., Sol J.M., Hernández G., y grupo NORMACODEM (2006). Estudio de la Escala de Evaluación Rápida de Discapacidad-2 (Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2) en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: datos del proyecto NORMACODEM. Neurología, 21, 282-288.
  • Olazarán, J., Muñiz, R., Reisberg, B., Peña-Casanova, J., del Ser, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Serrano, P., Navarro, E., García de la Rocha, M. L., Frank, A., Galiano, M., Fernández-Bullido, Y., Serra, J. A., González-Salvador, M. T., y Sevilla, C. (2004). Benefi ts of cognitive motor intervention in MCI and mild to moderate Alzheimer´s disease. Neurology, 63, 2348-2353.
  • Onder, G., Penninx, B. W., Lapuerta, P., Fried, L.P., Ostir, G.V., Guralnik, J. M., y Pahor, M. (2002). Change in physical performance over time in older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Study. Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 57, 289-293.
  • Peña-Casanova, J., Aguilar, M., Santacruz, P., Bertrán Serra, I., Hernández, G., Sol, J.M., Pujol, A., Blesa, R. y grupo NORMACODEM (1997). Adaptación y normalización españolas de la Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (NORMACODEM) (y II). Neurología, 12, 69-77.
  • Pujol-Doménech, J., de Azpiazu, P., Salamero, M., y Cuevas, R. (2001). Sintomatología depresiva en la demencia. Escala de Cornell: validación de la versión en castellano. Revista de Neurología, 33, 397-398
  • Requena, C., Maestu, F., Campo, P., Fernández, A., y Ortiz, T. (2006). Effects of cholinergic drugs and cognitive training on dementia: 2-Year follow-up. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 22, 339-345
  • Rosen, W.G., Mohs, RC., y Davis, K.L. (1984). A new rating scale for Alzheimer’s disease. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1356-1364.
  • Sitzer, D.I., Twamley, E.W., y Jeste, D.V. (2006). Cognitive training in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 114, 75-80.
  • Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., y Woods, R.T. (2007). Reality orientation for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue No. 3), CD001119.
  • Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., y Woods, B. (2001). Can Reality Orientation be rehabilitated? Development and piloting of an evidence-based programme of cognition-based therapies for people with dementia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11, 377-397.
  • Spector, A., Thorgrimsen, L., Woods, R. T., Royan, L., Davies, S., Butterworth, M., y Orrell, M. (2003). Effi - cacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 183, 248-254.
  • Tárraga, L., Boada, M., Modinos, G., Badenas, S., Espinosa, A., Diego, S., Morera, A., Guitart, M., Balcells, J., López, O. L., y Becker, J. T. (2006). A randomized pilot study to assess the effi cacy of Smartbrain®, an interactive, multimedia tool of cognitive stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 77, 1116-1121.
  • Van der Linden, M., Juillerat, A.C., y Delbeuck, X. (2004). Cognitive rehabilitation in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. En S. Gauthier, P. H. Scheltens, y J. Cummings (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (pp. 81-96). London: Martin Dunitz Limited.
  • Wilson, B.A., y Moffat, N. (1992). The development of group memory therapy. En B. A. Wilson, y N. Moffat (Eds.), Clinical Management of Memory Problems (2nd ed., pp. 242-273). London: Chapman & Hall.
  • Woods, R.T. (2002). Reality orientation: A welcome return?. Age and Ageing, 31, 155-156.
  • Zarit, S.H., y Edwards, A.B. (1996). Family caregiving: research and clinical intervention. En R.T. Woods (Ed), Handbook of the Clinical Psychology of Ageing (pp. 331-368). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Zarit, S.H., Zarit, J.M., y Reever, K.E. (1982). Memory training for severe memory loss: Effects on senile dementia patients and their families. Gerontologist, 22, 373-377.