Los efectos de la violencia sobre sus víctimas

  1. Herrero Alonso, María Carmen
  2. Garrido Martín, Eugenio
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2002

Título del ejemplar: Especial Violencia

Volumen: 14

Número: 1

Páginas: 109-117

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Este artículo presenta una revisión de las principales líneas de investigación sobre los efectos de la violencia en sus víctimas. Más exactamente, se centrará en los efectos psicosociales de la denominada violencia criminal o delictiva. Se analiza su alcance y la diversidad de víctimas a las que afecta. A pesar de que han sido las víctimas de los delitos sexuales �generalmente mujeres- las que han suscitado mayor interés desde distintos ámbitos de investigación, se constata como las víctimas de otros delitos, así como las personas que las rodean, manifiestan una problemática importante. En el caso de los niños, además, la exposición a la violencia puede afectar su futuro desarrollo moral y sus logros académicos. Adoptando una perspectiva ecológica de la violencia se analizan los efectos comunes así como los factores que median o moderan tales efectos. Se plantea que el impacto del delito dependerá de las complejas interacciones que se establezcan entre las características de las personas victimizadas, las del hecho delictivo y las del ambiente social en el que el ajuste y la posible recuperación tienen lugar. Se muestra como, entre otros factores, el apoyo social recibido o percibido por las víctimas tiene consecuencias importantes para su ajuste.

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