Effects of numerical surface form in arithmetic word problems

  1. Josetxu Orrantia 1
  2. David Múñez 1
  3. Sara San Romualdo 1
  4. Lieven Verschaffel 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
  2. 2 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Revista:
Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

ISSN: 1576-8597

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 36

Número: 2

Páginas: 265-281

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

Resumen

Los adultos calculan más eficazmente cuando los operandos se presentan en formato arábigo (3 + 5) que cuando se presentan en formato palabras numéricas (tres + cinco). Una explicación ofrecida es la mayor familiaridad visual de los dígitos relativo a las palabras numéricas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios se han limitado a operaciones simples de cálculo con sumas y multiplicaciones. En el presente trabajo analizamos hasta qué punto se produce el efecto del formato en el contexto de un problema aritmético, en el que la familiaridad visual se elimina (Manuel tenía 3 canicas y le dieron 5). Participantes con diferente nivel de competencia en fluidez aritmética resolvieron problemas de suma y resta con los operandos en ambos formatos. Los resultados mostraron un efecto del formato, con mayor rapidez en formato dígitos que en palabras numéricas. Además los efectos fueron más evidentes en la operación de resta y en los participantes menos competentes en fluidez aritmética. Estos resultados fueron interpretados en función de una mayor eficacia del formato dígitos para acceder a la semántica del número.

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