The role of backward associative strength in false recognition of DRM lists with multiple critical words

  1. María Soledad Beato 1
  2. Jason Arndt 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

  2. 2 Middlebury College (USA)
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 29

Número: 3

Páginas: 358-363

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.7334/PSICOTHEMA2016.248 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Antecedentes: la memoria es reconstructiva y puede estar sujeta a errores. El paradigma más ampliamente utilizado para estudiar las memorias falsas es el paradigma Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM). En este paradigma se estudian palabras relacionadas con una palabra crítica no presentada, posteriormente recordándose y/o reconociéndose falsamente esta palabra crítica. Método: se analizó la influencia de la fuerza asociativa inversa (Backward Associative Strength, BAS) sobre el reconocimiento falso utilizando listas DRM con múltiples palabras críticas. Para ello se construyeron 48 listas DRM en inglés, manipulando el BAS mientras se controlaba la fuerza asociativa directa (Forward Associative Strength, FAS). Las listas incluían cuatro palabras (e.g., prison, convict, suspect, fugitive) asociadas simultáneamente con dos palabras críticas (e.g., CRIMINAL, JAIL). Resultados: el reconocimiento correcto era similar en las listas con alto y bajo BAS, mientras que el reconocimiento falso era mayor en las listas con alto BAS. Además, había una correlación positiva entre reconocimiento falso y la probabilidad de conexión resonante entre las palabras estudiadas y sus asociados. Conclusiones: los resultados confirman que el BAS y las conexiones resonantes afectan al reconocimiento falso, y amplían las conclusiones de anteriores estudios que empleaban listas con una palabra crítica al estudio de listas DRM con múltiples palabras críticas.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Anastasi, J. S., De Leon, A., & Rhodes, M. G. (2005). Normative data for semantically associated Spanish word lists that create false memories. Behavior Research Methods, 37(4), 631-637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03192733
  • Arndt, J. (2006). Distinctive information and false recognition: The role of encoding and retrieval processes. Journal of Memory and Language, 54(1), 113-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.003
  • Arndt, J. (2012a). The influence of forward and backward associative strength on false recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 747-756. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/a0026375
  • Arndt, J. (2012b). False recollection: Empirical findings and their theoretical implications. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation (vol. 56, pp. 81-124). San Diego, US: Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Arndt, J. (2015). The influence of forward and backward associative strength on false memories for encoding context. Memory, 23(7), 1093-1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.959527
  • Arndt, J., & Gould, C. (2006). An examination of two process theories of false recognition. Memory, 14(7), 814-833. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/09658210600680749.
  • Arndt, J., & Hirshman, E. (1998). True and false recognition in MINERVA2: Explanations from a global-matching perspective. Journal of Memory and Language, 39(3), 371-391. http://dx.doi. org/10.1006/jmla.1998.2581
  • Beato, M. S., & Arndt, J. (2014). False recognition production indexes in forward associative strength (FAS) lists with three critical words. Psicothema, 26(4), 457-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.79
  • Beato, M. S., Cadavid, S., Pulido, R. F., & Pinho, M. S. (2013). No effect of stress on false recognition. Psicothema, 25(1), 25-30. http://dx.doi. org/10.7334/psicothema2012.158
  • Beato, M. S., & Díez, E. (2011). False recognition production indexes in Spanish for 60 DRM lists with three critical words. Behavior Research Methods, 43(2), 499-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-010-0045-9
  • Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1990). Gist is the grist: Fuzzy-trace theory and the new intuitionism. Developmental Review, 10(1), 3-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(90)90003-M
  • Brainerd, C. J., & Wright, R. (2005). Forward association, backward association, and the false-memory illusion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(3), 554-567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.3.554
  • Brainerd, C. J., Yang, Y., Reyna, V. F., Howe, M. L., & Mills, B. A. (2008). Semantic processing in “associative” false memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(6), 1035-1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/PBR.15.6.1035
  • Cadavid, S., & Beato, M. S. (2016). Memory distortion and its avoidance: An event-related potentials study on false recognition and correct rejection. PLoS ONE, 11(10): e0164024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164024
  • Cadavid, S., & Beato, M. S. (2017). False recognition in DRM lists with low association: A normative study. Psicológica, 38, 133-147.
  • Cann, D. R., McRae, K., & Katz, A. N. (2011). False recall in the Deese– Roediger-McDermott paradigm: The roles of gist and associative strength. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(8), 1515-1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.560272
  • Carneiro, P., Albuquerque, P., Fernandez, A., & Esteves, F. (2007). Analyzing false memories in children with associative lists specific for their age. Child Development, 78(4), 1171-1185. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007. 01059.x
  • Coane, J. H., Huff, M. J., & Hutchison, K. A. (2016). The ironic effect of guessing: Increased false memory for mediated lists in younger and older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 23(3), 282-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2015.1088506
  • Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17-22. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/h0046671
  • Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: False memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Gallo, D. A. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38(7), 833-848. http://dx.doi. org/10.3758/MC.38.7.833
  • Gallo, D. A., & Roediger, H. L. (2002). Variability among word lists in eliciting memory illusions: Evidence for associative activation and monitoring. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(3), 469-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00013-X
  • Howe, M. L., Wimmer, M. C., & Blease, K. (2009). The role of associative strength in children’s false memory illusions. Memory, 17(1), 8-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210802438474
  • Knott, L. M., Dewhurst, S. A., & Howe, M. L. (2012). What factors underlie associative and categorical memory illusions? The roles of backward associative strength and inter-item connectivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(1), 229-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025201
  • Koriat, A., Goldsmith, M., & Pansky, A. (2000). Toward a psychology of memory accuracy. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 481-537.
  • McDermott, K. B., & Watson, J. M. (2001). The rise and fall of false recall: The impact of presentation duration. Journal of Memory and Language, 45(1), 160-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2771
  • McEvoy, C. L., Nelson, D. L., & Komatsu, T. (1999). What is the connection between true and false memories? The differential roles of interitem associations in recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25(5), 1177-1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.5.1177
  • Nelson, D. L., McEvoy, C. L., & Schreiber, T. A. (1998). The University of South Florida word association rhyme and fragment norms [On line]. http://w3.usf.edu/FreeAssociation/
  • Nelson, D. L., McEvoy, C. L., & Schreiber, T. A. (2004). The University of South Florida free association, rhyme, and word fragment norms. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(3), 402-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03195588
  • Nelson, D. L., McEvoy, C. L., & Pointer, L. (2003). Spreading activation or spooky action at a distance? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(1), 42-52. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.1.42
  • Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning & Individual Differences, 7(1), 1-75. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4
  • Robinson, K. J., & Roediger, H. L. (1997). Associative processes in false recall and false recognition. Psychological Science, 8(3), 231-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00417.x
  • Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
  • Roediger, H. L., Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Gallo, D. A. (2001). Factors that determine false recall: A multiple regression analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 385-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03196177
  • Stadler, M. A., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1999). Norms for word lists that create false memories. Memory & Cognition, 27(3), 494-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03211543
  • Tempel, T., Frings, C., & Mecklenbräuker, S. (2015). Dual processes of false recognition in kindergarten children and elementary school pupils. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 138, 135-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.05.004
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet