Eje Microbiota–Sistema Nervioso Central. Relación entre Microflora y Trastornos Neurológicos y Psiquiátricos

Résumé

Microbiota is known as the set of different species of bacteria that colonize the intestine. In humans, an average of 1014–1015 types of bacteria is found in the intestine alone, which makes 10 to 100 times the number of eukaryotic cells in the entire body, and which makes for a 1 to 3 % of the total metabolic rate. For a long time it was thought that these cells were simple commensals but we know today that there is a complex symbiotic relationship between them and their host, in which they mutually influence each other through various signaling pathways in a bidirectional way. A systematic reading of the publications on the subject over the last five years led to the following conclusions. The relationship between microbiota and host is established through different pathways such as hormonal mediators, neuronal activation, or microenvironmental signals, which can affect and trigger the development of various diseases. This makes it the current target for multiple researches whose results could propose new therapeutic perspectives. Advances in the last decade have shown that the hypothesis of the existence of a CNS microbiota axis is a reality, although there is still a long way to go before these results can be applied in medical practice