Efecto de la aplicación de un programa individualizado de ejercicio MICT/HIIT mediante ciclo indoor

Abstract

Background and objective: Sedentary lifestyle and excess weight are a public health problem due to their high prevalence, morbimortality and economic burden. Regular physical exercise can improve general population health. We aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise program in sedentary patients with overweight or obesity or other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Patients and methods: Quasi-experimental intervention study, pre-post type, without control group. 101 patients were evaluated (total population): 52 sedentary individuals with ≥1 CVRF (“population A”) and 49 sedentary individuals with overweight or obesity +/- other CVRF (“population B”). 70 patients were selected, 68 patients started training. An individualized training plan with cycle ergometer was the intervention: 45 min/day, 3 days/week, 12 weeks. The sessions combined moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) with high intensity interval training (HIIT). Body composition (weight, body mass index or BMI, fat mass %, visceral fat area or VFA); blood test (lipid profile, glycemic profile, inflammation); exercise time, workload in watts (W), heart rate recovery (HRR) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2); and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L questionnaire) were baseline and post-intervention determined. Results: 79,5% in total population completed the exercise program and none presented adverse events. Session attendance had an inverse association with active smoking: 84,7% in non-smokers and 66,5% in smokers. Benefit of the intervention among those who completed the training was analysed (N = 54). A decrease in body weight (-2,9 kg, 95% CI: -3,8, -2,0), BMI (-1,1 points, 95% CI: -1,4, -0,8), fat mass (-2,5%, 95% CI: -3,4, -1,6) and VFA (-12,6 cm2, 95% CI: -16,5, -8,7) were observed. A reduction in baseline blood glucose (median PRE: 99,9 mg/dL and POST: 90,5 mg/dL), glycohemoglobin or HbA1c (median PRE: 5,7% and POST: 5,5%), insulin resistance index or HOMA-IR (median PRE: 2,54 and POST: 1,65) and C-reactive protein or CRP (median PRE: 3,27 mg/L and POST: 2,00 mg/L) were observed. An increase in exercise time (2,07 min; 95% CI: 1,67, 2,47; p<0,001), in W reached (32,54 W; 95% CI: 23,02, 42,06; p<0,001), in HRR (11,25 bpm; 95% CI: 8,35, 14,15; p<0,001) and in VO2 peak (6,53 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: 4,42, 8,44; p<0,001) were achieved. EQ index (PRE: 0,836 and POST: 0,938) and EQ VAS (7,84 points, 95% CI: 4,97, 10,71) were increased, p<0,001. Results were not different between women and men. Conclusions: Proposed exercise plan demonstrates improving metabolic profile, cardiovascular profile and quality of life of sedentary patients with overweight or obesity or other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Intervention achieves high adherence rate, without adverse events. Benefit do not present differences by sex.