Biofortificación combinada con selenio y zinc de trigo harinero, trigo semolero y guisante en sistemas agroforestales bajo condiciones de secano mediterráneas

Abstract

Field tests in wheat and pea plantation has been carried out between 2017 and 2019 in order to improve selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) contents, known as essential micronutrients to health. The main plot was planted with Zn, identifying NoS with no Zn application and ZnS as ZnSO4-7H2O ha-1 application (50 kg) the first cultivation year before planting. The subplot was treated with foliar application being: NoF, no foliar application; ZnF, ZnSO4-7H2O ha-1 foliar application (4 kg) at the beginning and two weeks after the flowering period; SeF, Se ha-1 foliar application as Na2SeO4 (10 g) two weeks after the beginning of the flowering period; ZnF+SeF, combined foliar application of ZnF y SeF in wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.), wheat semolina (T. durum L.) y forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) These studies have revealed an average increase of 13% of the yield soil when implementing Zn and a growth of the concentration in 3 times for Se and 4,5 times for Zn when following individual foliar applications (SeF and ZnF). If these last two applications are combined the nutrients concentration rises simultaneously up to 3,3 and 4,7. In conclusion, among all the analysis that have been performed, the most successful cultivation in terms of higher concentration of these two nutrients, Se and Zn, is the one combining ZnF+SeF. Furthermore, this treatment improves Zn biodisponibility and its deep fertilization plus enhacing the yield soil which will cover the field costs.