Farmacogenómicala medicina personalizada

Abstract

The main objective of pharmacogenomics (PGx) is defining an individualized pharmacological treatment based on the genetic profile of each patient. Thus, the classical paradigm of clinical treatment focused on the disease is becoming a new approach, Personalized Medicine. The expression and function of enzymes and proteins involved in the drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can be modified by genetic polymorphisms. Thereby, the presence of allelic variants allows predicting the pharmacological response guaranteeing the treatment efficacy and safety. Nowadays, two different approaches have been described for the clinical application of PGx by these variants identification: candidate gene analysis and genome wide association studies. Despite improving the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of treatments, the PGx clinical implementation has slowed down due to a series of barriers that will be reviewed in this work, as well as their possible solutions.