La técnica onomástica de Juan del Encina en su «translación» de las Bucólicas de Virgilioentre la equivalencia formal y la equivalencia dinámica

Laburpena

In his celebrated translation of Virgil’s Eclogues, Encina’s macrotextual and paratextual decisions (prose «argumentos» where he explains allegorical applications, short verse for all poems except the fourth) suggest that the Salamancan wanted to offer a communicative or dynamic equivalence that would not only work well in the new cultural context at the end of the 15th century, but would also advance his incipient literary career. In this paper I propose a re-evaluation of the translated text taking proper names as a reference, since they are indeed one of the most relevant microtextual and intertextual elements in the Eclogues. In particular, I will pay attention to anthroponyms, both historical (authors, political figures) and fictional (shepherds). How does Encina proceed in his translation? Does he transcribe or adapt them to Spanish (formal or «faithful» equivalence)? Or does he replace them with Castilian references that could function as cultural equivalents (communicative or dynamic equivalence)? As I will try to show, an in-depth analysis of the onomastic technique will allow us to determine which translation strategy prevails in each eclogue (there is almost always a specific motivation behind each change or preservation), and I will finally draw conclusions about Encina’s translation method as a whole.