Enfermedades de la aorta

  1. Torres Hernández, J.A. 1
  2. Carnicero Martínez, J.A. 1
  3. Salvador Calvo, R. 1
  4. Lozano Sánchez, F.S. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades cardiovasculares (V)

Serie: 13

Número: 39

Páginas: 2217-2229

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2021.07.010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

Las enfermedades de la aorta la constituyen un amplio espectro de enfermedades: aneurismas, síndrome aórtico agudo, lesiones traumáticas, enfermedades genéticas, inflamatorias y patología congénita. Por su frecuencia y gravedad, esta actualización se centrará en los aneurismas de la aorta abdominal, aneurismas de la aorta torácica descendente (incluyendo los aneurismas toracoabdominales) y el síndrome aórtico agudo (que engloba las disecciones aórticas, el hematoma intramural y la úlcera penetrante aguda). El conocimiento de los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de estas patologías es de gran importancia para controlar/tratar su historia natural. En los aneurismas, muchos asintomáticos, el diagnóstico es mayoritariamente incidental. Un correcto seguimiento (aneurismas de pequeño diámetro transversal) y la cirugía electiva (aplicando correctas indicaciones), son los pilares que reducen la mortalidad inducida por la rotura de estos aneurismas. En el síndrome aórtico agudo, el conocimiento preciso de la causa responsable (diagnóstico diferencial) y la correcta toma de decisiones terapéuticas permiten obtener el mejor resultado clínico. Conjuntamente, es preciso resaltar el papel de las técnicas endovasculares que, en pacientes con aceptables requisitos anatómicos, han mejorado los resultados precoces. En ciertas zonas anatómicas y en pacientes de elevado riesgo son las técnicas de elección.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet