Biofortificación agronómica con zinc sobre el cultivo del brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) y el broccolini (híbrido entre el brócoli y la col kai-lan (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra))

Resum

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most common malnutrition problems causing various health disorders in many parts of the world. To alleviate this deficiency, the efficiency of agronomic biofortification with zinc in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and Broccolini® (hybrid between broccoli and Kai-lan cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra)) was evaluated. Two trials were carried out, being the treatments studied for the first one: i) control, ii) application of 5 mg ZnSO4-7H2O kg-1 to the soil, iii) in Broccolini®, foliar application of 0.5% (w/v) ZnSO4 and in broccoli, two applications of 0.25% and iv) combination of applications ii and iii. In a second trial on broccoli, the treatments were: i) control; ii) foliar application of Zn (0.5M1); iii) combined application of 0.5M1 with nitrogen (0.5M1N); iv) two foliar applications of Zn, (0.25+0.25); and v) combined application of 0.25+0.25 with N (0.25N+0.25N). The foliar and soil+foliar treatments increased the concentration of Zn in all parts of the plant and the boiling of inflorescences decreased the concentration of all the minerals studied. The treatments 0.25+0.25, and 0.25N+0.25N increased plant growth, accumulation of highly bioavailable Zn and total phenols in inflorescences. It was found that an intake of 100 g of boiled broccoli with the foliar treatment would cover approximately 36% of the recommended daily intake of Zn and 40% with Broccolini® and the soil+foliar treatment.