Revisión sobre la neuromonitorización en cirugía tiroidea

  1. Pardal Refoyo, José Luis
  2. Cuello Azcárate, Jesús Javier
Revista:
Revista ORL

ISSN: 2444-7986,  2444-7986

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 2

Páginas: 1-56

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista ORL

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos: La identificación del nervio laríngeo recurrente (NLR) durante la cirugía de la glándula tiroides se considera patrón de referencia para evitar su lesión. El registro electromiográfico de la actividad del músculo tiroaritenoideo tras el estímulo eléctrico del nervio vago o del NLR ayuda durante la identificación del NLR e informa de su estado funcional al finalizar la tiroidectomía. Para el registro electromiográfico dos son las técnicas más utilizadas: mediante electrodos de superficie en el tubo de intubación endotraqueal (TET) y mediante electrodos de aguja insertados en los músculos tiroaritenoideos a través de la membrana cricotiroidea (técnica transligamentaria, TL). Objetivos: revisar los métodos de identificación del NLR en cirugía tiroidea, las principales técnicas de neuromonitorización del NLR, su validez y resumir los detalles técnicos prácticos. Conclusiones: La neuromonitorización ayuda en la localización, identificación y disección del NLR, ayuda en la toma de decisiones cuando hay pérdida de la señal electromiográfica y ofrece información sobre la función del NLR al finalizar la intervención quirúrgica. La neuromonitorización tiene beneficios en la práctica clínica, para la investigación, para la docencia y en el ámbito médico-legal.

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