Investigación bibliográfica sobre la decanulación en pacientes traqueotomizados

Resum

The tracheotomy is a common technique in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Decannulation involves removing the tracheostomy tube to restore natural ventilation air. Objectives: To review the criteria and decannulation technique. Methods: Systematic literature review for the period 2008-2014 in biomedical databases. Results: 8 items from 1615 and a reference book were selected. Tracheostomy risks, the factors that favor decannulation and the criteria with patient safety for decannulation were reviewed. Discussion: Decannulation not have a standardized model. There is variability in protocols reviewed decannulation. Conclusions: For the decannulation of a patient with tracheostomy should be evaluated: airway, swallowing, lung function and overall condition. It should assess whether it meets criteria to restore natural respiratory function. We have no definitive models to predict how long the process of decannulation, safety or success. In each center decannulation protocols should be developed.