El fact-checking en Twitterun análisis del hashtag #StopBulos

  1. Lobato, Roberto
  2. Velandia Morales, Andrea
  3. Sánchez Rodríguez, Ángel
  4. Montoya Lozano, Mar
  5. García Sánchez, Efraín
Revista:
Revista interamericana de psicología = Interamerican journal of psychology

ISSN: 0034-9690

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 55

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.30849/RIPIJP.V55I2.1371 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista interamericana de psicología = Interamerican journal of psychology

Resumen

La verificación de noticias falsas es una herramienta importante para mejorar la calidad de la información que circula en redes virtuales. Aunque existen distintas agencias de verificación de noticias, también encontramos algunas estrategias más informales como el uso del hashtag #Stopbulos. Así, la presente investigación pretende realizar una caracterización del hashtag #StopBulos en Twitter como forma de verificación de la información y de control de la difusión de fake news. Los resultados mostraron que existía diversidad entre los usuarios y las temáticas de los tuits que incluían dicho hashtag, mientras que la principal función era desmentir fake news. No obstante, se encontró que aquellos que conseguían una mayor difusión eran los usuarios con mayor número de seguidores y carácter institucional. Se discuten las implicaciones del uso del hashtag #StopBulos como una herramienta que permite identificar información falsa en redes sociales.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Allcott, H., y Gentzkow, M. 2017. “Social media and fake news in the 2016 election”. Journal of Economic Perspectives 31:211-236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
  • Aparicio Moreno, J. M. 2016. Ciberdemocracia: El poder del discurso político-ideológico en Twitter en el contexto de la Comunidad Valenciana (Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València).
  • Atodiresei, C. S., Tănăselea, A., & Iftene, A. 2018. “Identifying fake news and fake users on Twitter”. Procedia Computer Science 126:451-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.279
  • Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake news and the economy of emotions: Problems, causes, solutions. Digital journalism, 6(2), 154-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645
  • Bakshy, E., Hofman, J. M., Mason, W. A., y Watts, D. J. 2011, February. “Everyone’s an influencer: Quantifying influence on twitter”. Pp. 65-74 en Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining. Hong Kong, China: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/1935826.1935845
  • Balmas, M. 2014. “When fake news becomes real: Combined exposure to multiple news sources and political attitudes of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism”. Communication Research 41:430-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212453600
  • Barfar, A. 2019. “Cognitive and affective responses to political disinformation in Facebook”. Computers in Human Behavior 101:173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.026
  • Barreto-Galeano, M. I., Medina-Arboleda, I. F., Zambrano-Hernández, S., Sabucedo-Cameselle, J. M., Blanco-Abarca, A., y Maurice Lair, É. 2019. “Rhetoric, political ideology and the peace process in Colombia: A Twitter® Analysis”. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2019.1615256
  • Bastos, M. T., y Mercea, D. 2017. “The brexit botnet and user-generated hyperpartisan news”. Social Science Computer Review 37:38-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439317734157
  • Braun, K., y Dodge, J. 2018. “Critical policy studies and the politics of post-truth politics”. Critical Policy Studies, 12(1):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2018.1444498
  • Brummette, J., DiStaso, M., Vafeiadis, M., & Messner, M. 2018.” Read all about it: The politicization of “fake news” on twitter”. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(2):497–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018769906
  • Castells, M. 2006. “Informacionalismo, redes y sociedad red: Una propuesta teórica”. Pp. 27-75 en La sociedad red: Una visión global, coordinado por M. Castells. Madrid: Alianza.
  • Castells, M. 2007. “Communication, power and counter-power in the network society”. International Journal of Communication 1:238-266.
  • Castells, M. 2009. Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
  • Chen ZF., y Cheng, Y. 2020. “Consumer response to fake news about brands on social media: the effects of self-efficacy, media trust, and persuasion knowledge on brand trust”. J Prod Brand Manag 29(2):188–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-12-2018-2145
  • Diestel, R. 2010. Graph Theory. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14279-6
  • Endsley, M. R. 2018. “Combating information attacks in the age of the internet: New challenges for cognitive engineering”. Human factors 60:1081-1094. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720818807357
  • Gelfert, A. 2018. “Fake news: A definition”. Informal Logic 38:84-117. https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v38i1.5068
  • Gervais, B.T. (2015), “Incivility Online: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Uncivil Political Posts in a Web-based Experiment”, Journal of Information Technology and Politics, Routledge, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 167–185.
  • Gentry, J. 2015. Twitter: R based Twitter client. R package.
  • Glaser, B., y Strauss, A. 1967. The discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago: Aldine.
  • Grech, V. 2017. “Fake news and post-truth pronouncements in general and in early human development”. Early human development 115:118-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.09.017
  • Hannak, A., Margolin, D., Keegan, B., y Weber, I. 2014, May. “Get back! you don’t know me like that: The social mediation of fact checking interventions in twitter conversations”. Pp. 187-196 en Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (Vol. 8, No. 1). Michigan, USA: International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM). Consulta 26 de Mayo del 2021 (https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/14555)
  • Harsin, J. 2015. “Regimes of posttruth, postpolitics, and attention economies”. Communication, Culture & Critique 8:327-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12097
  • Harsin, J. 2018. “Post-truth populism: The French anti-gender theory movement and cross-cultural similarities”. Communication Culture & Critique 11:35-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcx017
  • Himma-Kadakas, M. 2017. “Alternative facts and fake news entering journalistic content production cycle”. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 9:25-40. https://doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v9i2.5469
  • Hofer, M., y Aubert, V. 2013. “Perceived bridging and bonding social capital on Twitter: Differentiating between followers and followees”. Computers in Human Behavior 29:2134-2142. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12035-0_21
  • IAB Spain (2018). Estudio anual de redes sociales 2018. Consulta 2 de Mayo del 2020 (https://iabspain.es/wp-content/uploads/estudio-redes-sociales-2018_vreducida.pdf) .
  • Iosifidis, P., y Wheeler, M. 2018. “Modern political communication and web 2.0 in representative democracies”. Javnost-The public 25:110-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1418962
  • Jang, S. M., y Kim, J. K. 2018. “Third person effects of fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy interventions”. Computers in Human Behavior 80:295-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.034
  • Kearney, W. K. 2019. rtweet: Collecting Twitter data. R package.
  • Mehta, D., Dwivedi, A., Patra, A., y Kumar, M. A. 2021. “A transformer-based architecture for fake news classification”. Social Network Analysis and Mining 11(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00738-y
  • Molina-Cañabate, J. P., y Magallón-Rosa, R. 2020. “Desinformación y periodismo científico. El caso de Maldita Ciencia”. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación.
  • Munger, K. 2017. “Experimentally reducing partisan incivility on Twitter”. Working paper. Consultado 2 de Mayo del 2020 (kmunger.github.io/pdfs/jmp.pdf).
  • Nelson, J. L. 2017. “Is ‘fake news’ a fake problem?” Columbia Journalism Review 31.
  • Ott, B. L. 2017. “The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement”. Critical Studies in Media Communication 34:59-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686
  • Papanastasiou, Y. 2020. “Fake news propagation and detection: A sequential model”. Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3295
  • Pedersen, S., y Burnett, S. 2018. “‘Citizen Curation’ in onlined Discussions of donald Trump’s presidency: Sharing the news on mumsnet”. Digital Journalism 6:545-562. https://doi.org/:10.1080/21670811.2017.1399806
  • Petty, R. E., y Cacioppo, J. T. 1984. “Source factors and The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion”. Advances in Consumer Research 11: 668-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
  • R Core Team. 2019. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Viena, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Rabin-Havt, A. (2016). Lies, incorporated: The world of post-truth politics. Anchor.
  • Schifferes, S., Newman, N., Thurman, N., Corney, D., Göker, A., y Martin, C. 2014. “Identifying and verifying news through social media: Developing a user-centred tool for professional journalists”. Digital Journalism 2:406-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.892747
  • Silverman, C. 2016. “Manual de verificación”. European Journalism Center. Consulta 2 de Mayo del 2020 (http://verificationhandbook.com/downloads/manual.de.verificacion.pdf).
  • Starbird, K., Maddock, J., Orand, M., Achterman, P., y Mason, R. M. 2014. “Rumors, false flags, and digital vigilantes: Misinformation on Twitter after the 2013 Boston marathon bombing”. Pp. 654-662 en iConference 2014 Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.9776/14308
  • Strauss, A., y Corbin, J. 2002. Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimiento para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Medellín: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
  • Theocharis, Y., Barberá, P., Fazekas, Z., Popa, S.A. and Parnet, O. (2016), “A Bad Workman Blames His Tweets: The Consequences of Citizens’ Uncivil Twitter Use When Interacting With Party Candidates”, Journal of Communication, Vol. 66 No. 6, pp. 1007–1031.
  • Tucker, J. A., Theocharis, Y., Roberts, M. E., y Barberá, P. 2017. “From liberation to turmoil: Social media and democracy”. Journal of Democracy 28:46-59. doi: 10.1353/jod.2017.0064
  • Uscinski, J. E., y Butler, R. W. 2013. “The epistemology of fact checking”. Critical Review 25:162-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2013.843872
  • Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., y Aral, S. 2018. “The spread of true and false news online”. Science 359:1146-1151. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9559
  • Van Duyn, E., y Collier, J. 2019. “Priming and fake news: The effects of elite discourse on evaluations of news media”. Mass Communication & Society, 22(1): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2018.1511807
  • Walsh, M. J. B. 2010. “Librarians and controlling disinformation: Is multi-literacy instruction the answer?” Library Review 59:498-511. https://doi.org/10.1108/00242531011065091
  • Wardle, C. 2017. “Fake news. It’s complicated”. First Draft News, 16 de Febrero. Consulta 2 de Mayo del 2020 (https://firstdraftnews.org/fake-news-complicated).
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet