Trusting communication of the pandemicthe perceptions of Spanish citizens regarding government information on Covid-19

  1. Carlos Arcila Calderón 1
  2. David Blanco-Herrero 1
  3. Martín Oller-Alonso 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

  2. 2 University of Milan
    info

    University of Milan

    Milán, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/00wjc7c48

Revue:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710 1699-2407

Année de publication: 2021

Titre de la publication: Democracia / Democracy

Volumen: 30

Número: 6

Type: Article

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2021.NOV.06 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: El profesional de la información

Résumé

There is global concern regarding how the Covid-19 pandemic was communicated to citizens, given the enormous amount of uncertainty and misinformation surrounding the health situation (Singh et al., 2020). As expected, the government has been the main source of official information in most countries, but the crisis has also affected political communication models and the management of crisis communication and misinformation. In this scenario, the level of trust in the government and political polarization have become crucial variables to understand how citizens perceive and receive communicate about the effects of the pandemic in their daily life. To address these issues in the case of Spain, in November 2020 we conducted the first nationally representative survey to analyze the level of trust that citizens have in public information on Covid-19 provided by the national government. The findings reveal that their perceptions regarding the quality of such information, the media used for its transmission, and the communication management by the Government during the pandemic were rather negative, although some sociodemographic differences are observed. This study, besides broadening knowledge about government communication during the pandemic in Spain, opens new questions such as the effect of trust in government communication on the level of compliance and agreement with health measures.

Références bibliographiques

  • Brants, Kees; De-Vreese, Claes; Möller, Judith; Van-Praag, Philip (2010). “The real spiral of cynicism? Symbiosis and mistrust between politicians and journalists”. International journal of press/politics, v. 15, n. 1, pp. 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161209351005
  • Campbell, William R. (2004). “The sources of institutional trust in East and West Germany: Civic culture or economic performance?”. German politics, v. 13, n. 3, pp. 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964400042000287437
  • CIS (2020). Barómetro de abril 2020. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. http://www.cis.es/cis/opencm/ES/2_bancodatos/estudios/ver.jsp?estudio=14505
  • Coleman, James S. (1994). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978 0 674 31226 0
  • Donsbach, Wolfgang; Rentsch, Mathias; Mende, Anna-Maria (2012). “La brecha ética: por qué los alemanes desestiman a los periodistas y no confían en ellos”. Austral comunicación, v. 1, n. 2, pp. 155-187. https://doi.org/10.26422/AUCOM.2012.0102.DON
  • Edelman (2019). 19th Annual Edelman trust barometer. https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2019-02/2019_Edelman_Trust_Barometer_Global_Report.pdf
  • Ernst, Nicole; Blassnig, Sina; Engesser, Sven; Büchel, Florin; Esser, Frank (2019). “Populists prefer social media over talk shows: An analysis of populist messages and stylistic elements across six countries”. Social media + society, v. 5, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118823358
  • España (2020). “Real decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el Covid-19”. Boletín oficial del estado, n. 67, 14 marzo. https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2020-3692
  • Esser, Frank; Pfetsch, Barbara (2020). “Political communication”. In: Caramani, Daniele (ed.). Comparative politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 336-358. ISBN: 978 0 198737421
  • European Commission (2020). Standard Eurobarometer 93.1 (2020). https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s2262_93_1_93_1_eng?locale=en
  • Garrido-Rubia, Antonio; Martínez-Rodríguez, M. Antonia; Mora-Rodríguez, Alberto (2020). “El gobierno de España y el coronavirus: ‘rally round the flag’ y sus efectos”. Risti. Iberian journal of information systems and technologies, v. 35, n. 9, pp. 531-545. http://www.risti.xyz/issues/ristie35.pdf
  • Giddens, Anthony (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 7456 6644 0
  • Gozgor, Giray (2021). “Global evidence on the determinants of public trust in governments during the Covid-19”. Applied research in quality of life, first online. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09902-6
  • Hameleers, Michael; Schmuck, Desirée; Bos, Lieke; Ecklebe, Sarah (2020). “Interacting with the ordinary people: How populist messages and styles communicated by politicians trigger users’ behaviour on social media in a comparative context”. European journal of communication, v. 36, n. 3, pp. 238-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323120978723
  • Hanitzsch, Thomas; Van-Dalen, Arjen; Steindl, Nina (2018). “Caught in the nexus: A comparative and longitudinal analysis of public trust in the press”. The international journal of press/politics, v. 23, n. 1, pp. 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740695
  • Harring, Niklas; Jagers, Sverker C.; Löfgren, Åsa (2021). “Covid-19: Large-scale collective action, government intervention, and the importance of trust”. World development, v. 138, 105236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105236
  • Hetherington, Marc J.; Nelson, Michael (2003). “Anatomy of a rally effect: George W. Bush and the war on terrorism”. PS: Political science & politics, v. 36, n. 1, pp. 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096503001665
  • INE (2021). Población por comunidades y provincias, edad (grupos quinquenales) y sexo. https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa003.px
  • Khodyakov, Dmitry (2007). “Trust as a process: A three-dimensional approach”. Sociology, v. 41, n. 1, pp. 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507072285
  • Lim, Vanessa W.; Lim, Rachel L.; Tan, Yi-Roe; Soh, Alexius S. E.; Tan, Mei-Xuan; Othman, Norbudah-Bte; Dickens, Sue-Borame; Thein, Tun-Linn; Lwin, May O.; Ong, Rick-Twee-Hee; Leo, Yee-Sin; Leed, Vernon J.; Chen, Mark I. C. (2020). “Government trust, perceptions of Covid-19 and behaviour change: cohort surveys, Singapore”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, v. 99, n. 2, pp. 92-101. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.269142
  • Losada-Díaz, José-Carlos; Rodríguez-Fernández, Leticia; Paniagua-Rojano, Francisco-Javier (2020). “Comunicación gubernamental y emociones en la crisis del Covid-19 en España”. Revista latina de comunicación social, v. 78, pp. 23-40. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1467
  • Lovari, Alessandro (2020). “Spreading (dis)trust: Covid-19 misinformation and government intervention in Italy”. Media and communication, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 458-461. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.3219
  • Luhmann, Niklas (2000). “Familiarity, confidence, trust: Problems and alternatives”. In: Gambetta, Diego (ed.). Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations. Oxford: University of Oxford, pp. 94-107. ISBN: 0631175873 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.23.8075&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Mihelj, Sabina; Jiménez-Martínez, César (2020). “Digital nationalism: Understanding the role of digital media in the rise of ‘new’ nationalism”. Nations and nationalism, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 331-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12685
  • Moreno, Ángeles; Fuentes-Lara, Cristina; Navarro, Cristina (2020). “Covid-19 communication management in Spain: Exploring the effect of information-seeking behavior and message reception in public’s evaluation”. Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 4, e290402. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.02
  • Nooteboom, Bart (2003). “The trust process”. In: Nooteboom, Bart; Six, Frédérique (eds.). The trust process in organizations. Empirical studies of the determinants and the process of trust development. Cheltenham; Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., pp. 16-36. ISBN: 978 1 8437 6735 0
  • OSF (n.d.). Global behaviors and perceptions in the Covid-19 pandemic. https://osf.io/3sn2k/files
  • Pariser, Eli (2011). The filter bubble: how the new personalized web is changing what we read and how we think. London: Penguin Books. ISBN: 978 1 101515129
  • Qianhong, Fu (2004). Trust, social capital, and organizational effectiveness. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia University.
  • Romero-Rodríguez, Luis-Miguel; Tejedor, Santiago; Pabón-Montealegre, María-Victoria (2021). “Actitudes populistas y percepciones de la opinión pública y los medios de comunicación: Estudio correlacional comparado entre España y Colombia”. Revista latina de comunicación social, v. 79, pp. 43-66. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1507
  • Singh, Lisa; Bansal, Shweta; Bode, Leticia; Budak, Ceren; Chi, Guangqing; Kawintiranon, Kornhaphop; Padden, Colton; Vanarsdall, Rebecca; Vraga, Emily; Wang, Yanchen (2020). “A first look at Covid-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter”. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13907. https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13907
  • Tao, Ran; Yang, Dali L.; Li, Ming; Lu, Xi (2014). “How does political trust affect social trust? An analysis of survey data from rural China using an instrumental variables approach”. International political science review, v. 35, n. 2, pp. 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512113492599
  • Torcal, Mariano (2014). “The decline of political trust in Spain and Portugal: Economic performance or political responsiveness?” American behavioral scientist, v. 58, n. 12, pp. 1542-1567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214534662
  • Torche, Florencia; Valenzuela, Eduardo (2011). “Trust and reciprocity: A theoretical distinction of the sources of social capital”. European journal of social theory, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431011403461
  • Waisbord, Silvio (2014). Vox populista: Medios, periodismo, democracia. Barcelona: Gedisa. ISBN: 978 84 97847735
  • Waisbord, Silvio (2020). “¿Es válido atribuir la polarización política a la comunicación digital? Sobre burbujas, plataformas y polarización afectiva”. Revista SAAP, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 249-279. https://doi.org/10.46468/rsaap.14.2.A1
  • Wardle, Claire; Derakhshan, Hossein (2017). Information disorder. Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-researc/168076277c
  • WHO (n.d.). Risk communication and community engagement. World Health Organization. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/pages/whos-work-in-emergencies/risk-communication-in-emergencies/emergency-risk-communications