La percepción de los alumnos como indicador de inclusión educativa

  1. Margarita Rodríguez Gudiño 1
  2. Cristina Jenaro Río 2
  3. Raimundo Castaño Calle 3
  1. 1 Equipo de Orientación Educativa y Psicopedagógica (EOEP) de Olivenza (Badajoz)
  2. 2 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

  3. 3 Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02jj93564

Revista:
Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

ISSN: 1139-613X 2174-5374

Ano de publicación: 2022

Volume: 25

Número: 1

Páxinas: 357-379

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.5944/EDUXX1.30198 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

Resumo

El principal objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la relación entre la percepción de los alumnos de sus centros educativos, en cuanto a centros inclusivos, y el estatus sociométrico de los mismos. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 881 alumnos pertenecientes a 43 aulas de primaria (de 6 a 12 años) de diferentes niveles educativos, entre los cuales se encontraban 98 alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo (11,12%), todos ellos escolarizados en centros educativos ordinarios de la región de Extremadura (España). Para analizar el estatus sociométrico se utilizó un cuestionario basado en el método de nominación de iguales y la asociación de atributos. Para valorar la percepción de los alumnos de sus centros educativos se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre el Punto de Vista de los Niños extraído del Index for Inclusion (Booth, Ainscow y Kingston, 2006). El estudio mostró que la percepción que tienen los alumnos de sus centros educativos, tanto si éstos tienen necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo como si no, está significativamente asociada a su estatus sociométrico, y más concretamente, al rechazo que reciben en sus clases por parte de sus iguales. También indicó que los estudiantes con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo se ven más apoyados por los profesores que por sus compañeros. Todo ello nos lleva a reflexionar sobre si las medidas organizativas que adoptan las escuelas para dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas puedan afectar a su inclusión. De ahí, la necesidad de evaluar periódicamente las estrategias de agrupamiento y la percepción de los alumnos de sus centros educativos.

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