Riesgo de mortalidad asociado al deterioro cognitivo, alteración de la funcionalidad y otros factores clínicos en personas mayores de 65 años

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the risk of mortality in people over 65 years associated with cognitive impairment, functional impairment and other clinical factors. Methods: To carry out this review, we followed the steps of the PRISMA Declaration. 32 scientific articles were consulted in PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. The combination of keywords was used: “Mortality” AND “Cognitive impairment”, “Mortality risk” AND “Cognitive impairment ”,“ Mortality risk ”AND“ Cognitive functioning ”,“ Cognitive performance ”AND“ Risk of mortality ”; as well as the words "Functionality", "Impairment" AND "Mortality", "Functionality impairment", "Dependency" AND "Risk of mortality". Results: The risk of mortality in people over 65 years of age with cognitive impairment and functional impairment is greater regardless of age, gender, educational level and lifestyle. Cases of severe cognitive impairment have a higher risk of mortality, although it is noted that the risk of mortality is 2,415 times higher in people with dementia. The association between cognitive impairment and dependence showed a higher risk of mortality in cases where there are no sensory alterations. Conclusion: Methodological heterogeneity provides a wide variety of elements to take into account in the assessment of cognitive functioning and autonomy in people over 65 years. However, it is clear that this population with cognitive impairment and functional impairment present a significant risk of mortality.