Transiciones a la maternidad a través de las generacionesFactores causales del nacimiento del primer hijo en España

  1. del Rey, Alberto 1
  2. Grande, Rafael 2
  3. García-Gómez, Jesús 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

  2. 2 Universidad de Málaga
    info

    Universidad de Málaga

    Málaga, España

    ROR https://ror.org/036b2ww28

Journal:
RES. Revista Española de Sociología

ISSN: 2445-0367,  1578-2824

Year of publication: 2022

Volume: 31

Issue: 2

Type: Article

DOI: 10.22325/FES/RES.2022.108 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: RES. Revista Española de Sociología

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyse the transition to motherhood of generations of women born in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In particular, we study the effect of socio-demographic and family characteristics and the main life transitions of women (couple formation, labour trajectory and emancipation) on the probability of having a first child. Using the 2018 Fertility Survey at INE, discrete-time survival models are applied to analyse the age at birth of the first child considering individual and family characteristics, and incorporating life transitions. The results show no significant differences between generations in the intensity of the transition to the first child, although a delay in first childbearing is observed, mainly due to changes in the characteristics of the women themselves and in particular to the increase in educational attainment. The importance of life transitions is maintained despite the generational change, so that having a stable partner and having achieved emancipation and economic independence continue to be fundamental for the transition to motherhood. However, while in older generations employment favoured motherhood, in recent generations access to the labour market does not affect motherhood, although non-access to the labour market reduces it.

Bibliographic References

  • Adsera, A. (2011). Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe. European Journal of Population, 27(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10680-010-9222-x
  • Ahn, N.,y Mira, P. (2002). A note on the changing relationship between fertility and female employment rates in developed countries. Journal of Population Economics, 15(4), 667-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001480100078
  • Arpino, B., Esping-Andersen, G., y Pessin, L. (2015). How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis. European Sociological Review, 31(3), 370-382. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv002
  • Baizán, P. (2006). El efecto del empleo, el paro y los contratos temporales en la baja fecundidad española de los años 1990. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, (115), 223-253. https://doi.org/10.2307/40184772
  • Becker, G. (1981). A treatise on the family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Bernardi, F. (2005). Public policies and low fertility: Rationales for public intervention and a diagnosis for the Spanish case. Journal of European Social Policy, 15, 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928705049160
  • Bernardi, F., y Requena, M. (2003). La caída de la fecundidad y el déficit de natalidad en España. Revista Española de Sociología, (3), 29-49.
  • Bernhardt, E. M. (1993). Fertility and Employment. European Sociological Review, 9(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036659
  • Berrington, A. (2004). Perpetual postponers? Women’s, men’s and couples fertility intentions and subsequent fertility behaviour. Population trends, (117), 9-19.
  • Billari, F., y Kohler, H. (2004). Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe. Population Studies: A Journal of Demography, 58(2), 161-176.
  • Bloom, D. E., y Pebley, A. R. (1982). Voluntary Childlessness: A Review of the Evidence and Implications. Population Research and Policy Review, 1(3), 203-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00140093
  • Blossfeld, H., y Huinink, J. (1991). Human Capital Investments or Norms of Role Transition? How Women’s Schooling and Career Affect the Process of Family Formation. American Journal of Sociology, 97(1), 143-168.
  • Brewster, K., y Rindfuss, R. (2000). Fertility and Women's Employment in Industrialized Nations. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 271-296. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.271
  • Cabré, A. (1989). La reproducció de les generacions catalanes, 1856-1960 [Tesis doctoral]. Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
  • Campbell, E. (1985). The childless marriage: An exploratory study of couples who do not want children. London: Tavistock.
  • Castro Martín, T. (2017). Maternidad sin matrimonio: nueva vía de formación de familias en España. Documentos de trabajo Nº. 16. Bilbao: Fundación BBVA.
  • Castro, T., y Rosero-Bixby, L. (2011). Maternidad y fronteras. La fecundidad de las mujeres inmigrantes en España. Revista Internacional de Sociología, 69(1), 105-137. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2011.iM1.388
  • Castro, T., Martín-García, T., Cordero, J. y Seiz, M. (2018). El desafío de la baja fecundidad en España. En J.A. López-Ruiz (Ed.) Informe España 2018 (pp.165-228). Madrid: Universidad Pontificia Comillas.
  • Castro, T., Martín-García, T., Cordero, J. y Seiz, M. (2020). La muy baja fecundidad en España: la brecha entre deseos y realidades reproductivas. Dossier Economistas Sin Fronteras, 36, 8-13.
  • Clark, W. (2012). Do women delay family formation in expensive housing markets? Demographic Research, 27, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.1
  • Del Rey, A., y Grande, R. (2017). El efecto de las condiciones de llegada en la reproducción de las mujeres migrantes. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 159, 113-134. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.159.113
  • Del Rey Poveda, A., Cebrián-Villar, M., Grande Martín, R., Antón Pérez, J.I., y Fernández-Macías, E. (2015). La interferencia entre el estatus familiar y las características individuales en el nacimiento del primer hijo tras la emigración a España. Revista Internacional de Sociología, 73(2), e011.http://dx.doi.org/10.3989.2013.10.14.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (2013). Introducción. En G. Esping-Andersen (Coord.), El déficit de natalidad en Europa. La singularidad del caso español(pp.13-23). Colección de Estudios Sociales nº36. Barcelona: Obra Social La Caixa.
  • Esping-Andersen, G., y Billari, F. (2015). Re-theorizing family demographics. Population and Development Review, 41(1): 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00024.x
  • Esteve, A., Devolder, D., y Domingo, A. (2016). La infecundidad en España: tic-tac, tic-tac, tic-tac!!! Perspectives Demogràfiques, 1, 1-4.
  • Esteve, A., Lozano, M., Boertien, D., Mogi, R., y Cui, Q. (15 de abril de 2021). Tres décadas de muy baja fecundidad en España, 1991-2018. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/kch5n
  • Florida, R, Mellander, C., y King, K. (2020). Housing costs, self‐employment, and fertility. Population Space and Place. e2413. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2413
  • Garrido, L. (1996). La revolución reproductiva. En C. Castaño, y S. Palacios (Eds.), Salud, dinero y amor. Cómo viven las mujeres españolas de hoy (pp. 205-238). Madrid: Alianza.
  • Garrido, L., Requena, M. y Rivière, J. (1996). La emancipación de los jóvenes en España. Madrid: Injuve.
  • Giele, J. Z., y Elder, G. H. (1998). Life course research: Development of a field. En J.Z. Giele y G.H. Elder, Methods of life course research, qualitative and quantitative approaches (pp. 5-27). London: Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483348919.n1
  • Goldscheider, F., Bernhardt, E., y Lappegard, T. (2015). The gender revolution: A framework for understanding changing family and demographic behavior. Population and Development Review, 41(2), 207-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00045.x.
  • González, M. J., y Jurado, T. (2006). Remaining childless in affluent economies: A comparison of France, West Germany, Italy and Spain, 1994- 2001. European Journal of Population, 22(4), 317-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-006-9000-y
  • Hagestad, G., y Call, V. (2007). Pathways to childlessness. Journal of Family Issues, 28(10), 1338-1361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07303823
  • Hakim, C. (2000). Work-lifestyle choices in the 21st century: Preference theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hakim, C. (2003). A New Approach to Explaining Fertility Patterns: Preference Theory. Population and Development Review, 29(3), 349-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00349.x
  • Hart, R. K. (2019). Union Histories of Dissolution: What Can They Say About Childlessness?. European Journal of Population, 35(1), 101-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-018-9464-6
  • Heaton, T. B., Jacobson, C. K. y Holland, K. (1999). Persistence and changes in decisions to remain childless. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(2), 531-539. https://doi.org/10.2307/353767
  • Heiland, F., Prskawetz, A. y Sanderson, W. C. (2008). Are individuals’ desired family sizes stable? Evidence from West German panel data. European Journal of Population, 24(2), 129-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-008-9162-x
  • Iacovou, M., y Tavares, L.P. (2011). Yearning, learning, and conceding: Reasons men and women change their childbearing intentions. Population and Development Review, 37(1), 89-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00391.x
  • Jalovaara, M., Neyer, G., Andersson, G. et al. (2019). Education, Gender, and Cohort Fertility in the Nordic Countries. European Journal of Population, 35(3), 563-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-018-9492-2
  • Jurado, T. (2001). Youth in Transition: Housing, employment, social policies and families in France and Spain. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315191614
  • Keizer, R., Dykstra, P.A. y Jansen, M.D. (2008). Pathways into childlessness: Evidence of gendered life course dynamics. Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(6), 863-878. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932007002660
  • Kneale, D., y Joshi, H. (2008). Postponement and childlessness: evidence from two British cohorts. Demographic Research, 19(58), 1935-1968. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.58
  • Kohler, H., Billari F., y Ortega J.A. (2006). Low Fertility in Europe: Causes, Implications and Policy Options. En F. Harris (Ed.), The Baby Bust: Who will do the Work? Who Will Pay the Taxes? (pp.48-109). Lanham: Rowman y Littlefield Publishers.
  • Kreyenfeld, M., Andersson, G. y Pailhé, A. (2012). Economic uncertainty and family dynamics in Europe. Demographic Research, 27, 835-852. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.28
  • Lappegård, T., y Rønsen, M. (2005). The Multifaceted Impact of Education on Entry into Motherhood. European Journal of Population, 21, 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-004-6756-9
  • MacInnes, J., y Pérez-Díaz, J. (2008). La tercera revolución de la modernidad; la revolución reproductiva. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, (122), 89-118. https://doi.org/10.2307/40184881
  • Martín-García, T., y Castro, T. (2013). Do Women Working in the Public Sector Have it Easier to Become Mothers in Spain? Population Review, 52(1): 149-171. https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2013.0008
  • Matysiak, A., Sobotka, T., y Vignoli, D. (2021). The Great Recession and Fertility in Europe: A Sub-national Analysis. European Journal of Population, 37, 29-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09556-y
  • McDonald, P. (2000). Gender equity in theories of fertility transition. Population and Development Review, 26(3), 427-439.
  • Miret, P. (2019). ¿Reacias a la maternidad? Primofecundidad en España a principios del siglo XXI. Encrucijadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales, 18, a1801.
  • Módenes, J. A., y López-Colás, J. (2014). Recent demographic change and housing in Spain: Towards a new housing system? Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, (148), 103-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.148.103
  • Moreno, A., López, A., y Segado, S. (2012). La transición de los jóvenes a la vida adulta. Crisis económica y emancipación tardía. Colección Estudios Sociales 34. Barcelona: Obra Social La Caixa.
  • Mynarska, M., Matysiak, A., Rybińska, A., Tocchioni, V., y Vignoli, D. 2015. Diverse paths into child- lessness over the life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 25, 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.05.003
  • Myrskylä, M., Kohler, H., y Billari, F. (2009). Advances in development reverse fertility declines. Nature, 460(7256): 741-743. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08230
  • Raab, M., y Struffolino, E. (2019). The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Childlessness in Germany. European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie, 36(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-019-09519-y
  • Rowland, D. T. (2007). Historical Trends in Childlessness. Journal of Family Issues, 28(10), 1311-1337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07303823
  • Sobotka, T. (2004). Postponement of childbearing and low fertility in Europe. Amsterdam: Dutch University Press.
  • Tanturri, M. L., y Mencarini, L. (2008). Childless or childfree? Paths to voluntary childlessness in Italy. Population and Development Review, 34(1), 51-77. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2008.00205.x
  • Teachman, J. D., y Schollaert, P. T. (1989). Economic conditions, marital status, and the timing of first births: Results for whites and blacks. Sociological Forum, 4, 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01112615
  • Van Balen, F., Verdurmen, J., y Ketting E. (1997). Age, the desire to have a child and cumulative pregnancy rate. Human Reproduction, 12, 623-627. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/humrep/12.3.623
  • Van de Kaa, D. J. (1987). Europe’s Second Demographic Transition. Population Bulletin, 42, 1-59.
  • Vidal, E., y Miret, P. (2017). Características de las madres primerizas y de los padres primerizos en la España del siglo XXI. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, (160), 115-138. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.160.115
  • Weston, R., y Qu, L. (2001). Men’s and women’s reasons for not having children. Family Matters, 58, 10-15.
Data source: Dialnet