Posibilidades psicoterapéuticas de la realidad virtual desde el punto de vista de sus primeros usuarios en España

  1. Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero
  2. Montserrat Peris-Hernández
  3. Ana Critina León
Journal:
3 c TIC: cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC

ISSN: 2254-6529

Year of publication: 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Pages: 41-73

Type: Article

DOI: 10.17993/3CTIC.2020.91.41-73 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: 3 c TIC: cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC

Abstract

This study describes the sociodemographic profile and the perceived psychological or therapeutic potential among the first users of commercial Virtual Reality (VR) viewers. For this, a computerized questionnaire designed ad hoc for this project was used. 117 participants of both sexes, with a mean age of 36.91 were part of the study. The relationships between the eleven variables evaluated through means contrasts (Snedecor's F) and contingency analysis (chi-square and Sommers' D) are analyzed. The results obtained indicate that the profile of the VR user is preferably male, with higher studies, he has acquired a videogame viewer more frequently, with a frequency of use more than once a week and has been a user for at least two years. The therapeutic utility of this virtual modality is recognized by 31.6% of the users of this technology and 37.6% infer that in the future the use for psychological purposes will be feasible and positive, being the youngest those with statistically significant differences offer this assessment. The therapeutic use of this technology is recognized mainly in overcoming phobias and physical limitations, improvement of mood, reduction of stress and anxiety, greater effectiveness in the provocation of states of relaxation, as well as in the medical field, especially in training in surgical complications and more effective induction to anesthesia; finally, pointing out the advantages that it brings in the improvement of communication between people, in the development of emotional intelligence and in psychotherapy.

Bibliographic References

  • Adams, H., Narasimham, G., Rieser, J., Creem-Regehr, S., Stefanucci, J., y Bodenheimer, B. (2018). Locomotive recalibration and prism adaptation of children and teens in immersive virtual environments. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, 24(4), 1408-1417. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2018.2794072
  • Baer, D. (2015, 20 de octubre). 5 Amazing Predictions by Futurist Ray Kurzweil That Came True–And 4 That Haven’t’. https://www.businessinsider.com/15-startling-incredible-and-provactive-predictionsfrom-googles-genius-futurist-2015-9?IR=T#in-2000-kurzweil-predicted-that-by-2010-displayswill-be-built-into-our-eyeglasses-and-contact-lenses-and-images-projected-directly-onto-ourretinas-9
  • Barbosa, J. I. C. (2013). Terapia por realidade virtual (VRET): uma leitura analítico-comportamental. Boletim Contexto, 38, 113-131. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21352
  • Borloti, E., Dos Santos, A., y Haydu, V. B. (2018). Terapia com exposição à realidade virtual e avaliação funcional para fobia de dirigir: um programa de intervenção. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 36(2), 235-251. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.5329
  • Botella, C., Quero, S., Serrano, B., Baños, R., y García-Palacios, A. (2009). Avances en los tratamientos psicológicos: la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Anuario de Psicología, 40(2), 155-170. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/970/97017660002.pdf
  • Buń, P. K., Wichniarek, R., Górski, F., Grajewski, D., y Zawadzki, P. (2017). Possibilities and determinants of using low-cost devices in virtual education applications. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(2), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.12973/ eurasia.2017.00622a
  • Cipresso, P., Giglioli, I., Raya, M. A., y Riva, G. (2018). The past, present, and future of virtual and augmented reality research: a network and cluster analysis of the literature. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02086
  • Cohen-Hatton, S. R., y Honey, R. C. (2015). Goal-oriented training affects decision-making processes in virtual and simulated fire and rescue environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 21(4), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000061
  • De Carvalho, M. R., Frire, R. C., y Nardi, A. E. (2008). Realidade virtual no tratamento do trastorno de pánico. Journal brasileiro de psiquiatría, 51(1), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0047- 20852008000100012
  • Distéfano, M. J., Mongelo, M. C., O’Conor, J., y Lamas, M. C. (2015). Psicoterapia y tecnología: implicancias y desafíos en la inserción de recursos innovadores en la práctica clínica argentina. Revista electrónica de psicología Iztacala, 18(4), 1342-1362. http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/ repi/article/view/53433/47525
  • Dombrowski, M., y Dombrowski, J. (2017). Virtual reality games, therapeutic play and digital healing. En International Conference on Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions (pp. 587-596). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03733.x
  • Dyer, E., Swartzlander, B. J., y Gugliucci, M. R. (2018). Using virtual reality in medical education to teach empathy. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 106(4), 498-500. https://doi.org/10.5195/ jmla.2018.518
  • Gadelha, R. (2018) Revolutionizing Education: The promise of virtual reality. Childhood Education, 94(1), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2018.1420362
  • Gigante, M. A. (1993). Virtual reality: definitions, history and applications. Virtual Reality Systems, 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-227748-1.50009-3
  • Haydu, V. B., Paula, M. B. de, Zacarin, M. R., Santos, A., Borloti, E., y Fornazari, S. A. (2016). Terapia por meio de exposição à realidade virtual para medo e fobia de dirigir: uma revisão de literatura. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 34(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.12804/ apl34.1.2016.05
  • Heilig, M. L. (1962). U.S. Patent No. 3,050,870. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Kavanagh, S., Luxton-Reilly, A., Wuensche, B., y Plimmer, B. (2017). A systematic review of Virtual Reality in education. Themes in Science and Technology Education, 10(2), 85-119. Recuperado el 19 de agosto de 2018, de: https://www.learntechlib.org/p/182115/
  • Khan, R., Plahouras, J., Johnston, B. C., Scaffidi, M. A., Grover, S. C., y Walsh, C. M. (2018). Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 17(8), Art. No.: CD008237CD008237. https://doi. org/10.1002/14651858.CD008237.pub3
  • Lin, M. T., Wang, J., Kuo, H., y Luo, Y. (2017). A study on the effect of virtual reality 3D exploratory education on students’ creativity and leadership. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3151-3161. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00709a
  • Ling, Y., Nefs, H. T., Morina, N., Heynderickx, I., y Brinkman W. P. (2014). A meta-analysis on the relationship between self-reported presence and anxiety in virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. PLoS ONE, 9, e96144. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096144
  • Marks, I., Shaw, S., y Perkin, R. (1998). Computer-aided treatments of mental health problems. Clinical Psychology: Science y Practice, 5, 151-170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998. tb00141.x
  • McCann, R. A., Armstrong, C. M., Skopp, N. A., Edwards-Stewart, A., Smolenski, D. J., June, J. D., Metzger-Aamukong, M., y Reger, G. M. (2014). Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders: an evaluation of research quality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 625-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.05.010
  • Nissim, Y., y Weissblueth, E. (2017). Virtual reality (VR) as a source for self-efficacy in teacher training. International Education Studies, (8), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n8p52
  • Oculus, V. R. (2012). Oculus Rift: Step Into the Game. Kickstarter. Recuperado el 19 de agosto de 2018, de: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1523379957/oculus-rift-step-into-the-game?lang=es
  • Opriş, D., Pintea, S., García‐Palacios, A., Botella, C., Szamosközi, S., y David, D. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: a quantitative meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety, 29(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20910
  • Parong, J., y Mayer, R. E. (2018). Learning science in immersive virtual reality. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(6), 785–797. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000241
  • Peñate, W., Roca Sánchez, M. J., Pitti, C. T., Bethencourt, J. M., de la Fuente Portero, J. A., y Marco, R. G. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral treatment and antidepressants combined with virtual reality exposure for patients with chronic agoraphobia. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 14(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-2600(14)70032-8
  • Pérez Martínez, F. J. (2011). Presente y futuro de la tecnología de la realidad virtual. Revista Creatividad y Sociedad, 16, 1-39. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4208297
  • Pitti, C. T., Peñate, W., Fuente, J. de la, Bethencourt, J. M., Roca-Sánchez, M. J., Acosta, L., Villaverde, M. L., y Gracia, R. (2015). El uso combinado de la exposición a realidad virtual en el tratamiento de la agorafobia. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 43(4), 133-141. https:// actaspsiquiatria.es/repositorio/17/96/ESP/17-96-ESP-133-41-118363.pdf
  • Rizzo, A., y Koenig, S. T. (2017). Is clinical virtual reality ready for primetime? Neuropsychology, 31(8), 877-899. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000405
  • Sánchez-Cabrero, R., Arigita-García, A., Barrientos-Fernández, A., y León-Mejía, A. C. (2019b). Online explorative study on the learning uses of virtual reality among early adopters. Journal of Visualized Experiments, JOVE, (153), e60188. https://doi.org/10.3791/60188
  • Sánchez-Cabrero, R., Barrientos-Fernández, A., Arigita-García, A., Mañoso-Pacheco, L., y Costa-Román, O. (2018). Demographic data, habits of use and personal impression of the first generation of users of virtual reality viewers in Spain. Data in Brief, 21, 2651-2657. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.127
  • Sánchez-Cabrero, R., Costa-Román, Ó., Pericacho-Gómez, F. J., Novillo-López, M. Á., Arigita-García, A., y Barrientos-Fernández, A. (2019a). Early virtual reality adopters in Spain: sociodemographic profile and interest in the use of virtual reality as a learning tool. Heliyon, 5(3), e01338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01338
  • Sherman, W. R., y Craig, A. B. (2019). Understanding virtual reality: Interface, application, and design. Morgan Kaufmann. Recuperado el 3 de marzo de 2019, de: https://books.google.es/books?id=D-OcBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&ots=QR-fghdVZS&dq=virtual%20reality%20concept&lr&hl=es&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Slater, M. (2003). A note on presence terminology. Presence Connect, 3(3), 1-5. https://www.researchgate. net/publication/242608507_A_Note_on_Presence_Terminology
  • Villani, D., Cipresso, P., Gaggioli, A., y Riva, G. (2016). Integrating Technology in Positive Psychology Practice. IGI Global.