El debate sobre el glifosato en Colombiacontroversia científico-tecnológica y ciencia regulativa

Abstract

This paper addresses the debate on the application of glyphosate in Colombia through the theoretical tools of public scientific-technological controversies in a regulatory science framework. The dispute involves a great diversity of actors: the United States, that understand the fumigations as a way to limit drug trafficking at source; Colombia, which sees national security at stake; peasants who grow marijuana, poppies, coca, and peasants who do not grow it (natives and Afro-descendants), but are affected by the spraying; the regions affected in the process of eradication of illicit crops with glyphosate; and Ecuador. This controversy is intended to be solved through scientific evidence. It is essential to investigate the nature of the disagreement regarding it, highlighting how it emerges in contexts of uncertainty. This disagreement is reflected in disputes about what constitutes evidence of harm, which generalizations are admissible, which experiments can be performed and which models are the most suitable for regulatory decision making. The dispute over the evidence is interwoven with political, economic and moral factors in such a way that the evidence that was intended to legitimize the political decision becomes just one more argument in the discussion.