Principios de ética en la pandemia

  1. María Teresa López de la Vieja de la Torre 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

Journal:
Dilemata

ISSN: 1989-7022

Year of publication: 2022

Issue: 39

Pages: 51-59

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Dilemata

Abstract

There are several lessons to be learned from the COVID-19. (1) The crisis of 2020 not only had exposed the vulnerability of populations but also several inequalities. (2) In this sense, autonomy, equity, equality, and other ethical basic principles define what ought to be done and also the limits of action, “drawing the line” (R.Nozick). (3) Equity is a core principle in public health (Ley 33/2011). Justice as fairness (J. Rawls) exemplifies the normative and cognitive dimensions of principles. (4) Equality defines the line to close the gender gap, dramatically exposed by pandemics. Care practice and care ethics (C.Gilligan) are the foundation of health policies. (5) Beyond autonomy, equity, ethical principles allow us to identify the best practices in public health.

Bibliographic References

  • Alexy, Robert (2020). “The Claim to Correctness, Rights, and the Ideal Dimension of Law: A Short Reply”, Ratio Juris, 33, pp. 283-290 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/raju.12293
  • Alexy, Robert (1996) Theorie der Grundrechte, Frankfurt, Suhrkamp
  • Bayertz, Kurt (1998). Solidarität, Frankfurt, Suhrkamp
  • Daniels, Norman (1982). “Equity of Access to Health Care: Some Conceptual and Ethical Issues”, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/ Health and Society (60) pp. 51-81. Disponible en: https://www.milbank.org/wp-content/ uploads/mq/volume-60/issue-01/60-1-Equity-of-Access-to-Health-Care.pdf
  • Feinberg, Joel (1961). “Supererogation and Rules”, Ethics, 71, pp. 276-288 Disponible en: https://www.jstor.org/ stable/pdf/2379643.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ae34e69e030c85b099b58a9f03a0fe477
  • Gilligan, Carol (1977). “In A Different Voice: Women´s Conceptions of Self and of Morality”, Harvard Educational Review, 47, pp. 481-517 Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carol-Gilligan/ publication/253543593_In_a_Different_Voice_Women%27s_Conceptions_of_Self_and_of_Morality/ links/540874320cf23d9765b2aa79/In-a-Different-Voice-Womens-Conceptions-of-Self-and-of-Morality.pdf
  • The Independent Panel (2021). COVID-10: Make It the Last Pandemic, Disponible en: https://theindependentpanel. org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/COVID-19-Make-it-the-Last-Pandemic_final.pdf
  • Hick, John, Biddinger, Paul (2020). “Novel Coronavirus and Old Lessons- Preparing the Health System for the Pandemic”, New England Journal of Medicine, Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp2005118? articleTools=true
  • Hortal, Joaquín, Padilla, Javier, et. al. (2021). “La eficiencia no basta. Análisis ético y recomendaciones para la distribución de recursos escasos en situación de pandemia”, Gaceta sanitaria, Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.07.006
  • Johnson Sirleaf, Ellen, Clark, Ellen (2021). “Report of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Making COVID-19 the Last Pandemic”. The Lancet, May, 12, pp. 1-2. Disponible en: https://www. thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2821%2901095-3
  • Ley 33/2011, de 4 de octubre, General de Salud Pública. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc. php?id=BOE-A-2011-15623
  • Ley Orgánica 3/2007, de 22 de marzo, para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres. Disponible en: https:// www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-6115
  • Ley 41/2002, de 14 de noviembre, básica reguladora de la autonomía del paciente y de derechos y obligaciones en materia de información y documentación clínica. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2002/ BOE-A-2002-22188-consolidado.pdf
  • López de la Vieja, Mª. Teresa (2021) “Estado de Alarma y derecho a la salud”, en Pérez, Ana, López de la Vieja, Mª Teresa, Hernández, Eva (eds.) Derechos humanos ante los nuevos desafíos de la globalización. Madrid, Dykinson, pp. 876-886
  • López de la Vieja, Mª. Teresa (2020) “Género y políticas sanitarias”, en Segura, Andreu y Puyol, Ángel (eds.), La salud pública, el género y la ética. Barcelona, Grífols, pp. 40-50
  • López de la Vieja, Mª. Teresa, Rodríguez-Arias, David (2000) “Emergencia sanitaria: dos marcos de deliberación”. Enrahonar (65) pp. 37-46, doi: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/enrahonar.1299
  • The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979). The Belmont Report, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Disponible en: https://www.hhs.gov/ ohrp/sites/default/files/the-belmont-report-508c_FINAL.pdf
  • Nozick, Robert (1993). “How to Do Things with Principles”, The Nature of Rationality, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 3-40
  • OECD (2020). Women at the Core of the Fight Against COVID-19. Crisis, OECD. Disponible en: Women at the core of the fight against COVID-19 crisis - OECD (oecd-ilibrary.org)
  • Rawls, John (1999.) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
  • Rawls, John (1982). “Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 14, pp. 223- 251. Disponible en: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2265349.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A9baf8d3d9e- 65c7e2ed74a8b6dd875b6f
  • Rawls, John (1958). “Justice as Fairness”, The Philosophical Review , 67, pp. 164-194. , Disponible en: https:// www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/jbell/rawls1.pdf
  • Real Decreto-ley 12/2020, de medidas urgentes en materia de protección y asistencia a las víctimas de violencia de género. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2020/04/01/pdfs/BOE-A-2020-4209.pdf
  • Sontag, Susan (1991). Illness as Metaphor and AIS and Its Metaphors, London, Penguin
  • United Nations (2020). Tackling the Inequality Pandemic: A New Social Contract for a New Era, 18 July
  • United Nations (2020a). Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Women, 9 April, Disponible en: https://www. unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/04/policy-brief-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-women
  • United Nations (2020b). Shared Responsibility, Global Solidarity: Responding to the Socio-economics Impacts of COVID-19, March. Disponible en: https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/SG-Report-Socio-Economic- Impact-of-Covid19.pdf
  • United Nations (2016). Protection Humanity from Future Health Crisis. Report of the High-Level Panel on the Global Response to Health Crisis, United Nations General Assembly, A/70/723, Disponible en: https://www. un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/70/723
  • UNWomen (2020). COVID-19 and Ending Violence Against Women and Girls. EVAW COVID-19 Briefs. Disponible en: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/Publications/ 2020/Issue-brief-COVID-19-and-ending-violence-against-women-and-girls-en.pdf
  • Weber, Max (1992) Politik als Beruf, Stuttgart: Reclam
  • Wenham, Clare, Smith, Julia, Morgan, Rosemary (2020). “COVID-19: The Gendered Impacts of the Outbreak”, The Lancet, 395, March 14, pp. 846-847 Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/ PIIS0140-6736(20)30526-2.pdf
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Director-General´s Closing Remarks at the World Health Assembly- 31 May 2021 Disponible en: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/director-general-s-closing- remarks-at-the-world-health-assembly---31-may-2021
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2020). Gender and COVID-10. Advocacy Brief, 14 May. Disponible en: https:// apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332080/WHO-2019-nCoV-Advocacy_brief-Gender-2020.1-eng. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2020a). Ethics and COVID-19: Resource Allocation and Priority-setting, WHO/ RFH/20.2, Disponible en: https://resources.wfsahq.org/wp-content/uploads/274140f4d96ab064c4577ec113b59566- 13-WHO-ethics-covid-19-
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2002). Madrid Statement. Mainstreaming Gender Equity in Health: The Need to Moving Forward. Disponible en: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/76508/A75328.pdf
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2016). Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues in Infectious Diseases Outbreak, Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/guidance-for-managing-ethical-issues-in-infectious- disease-outbreaks
Data source: Dialnet