Contribución de las enfermedades alérgicas a la depresión y ansiedad durante el embarazo

Zusammenfassung

OBJECTIVES MAIN OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether allergic diseases are associated with depression or anxiety in pregnant women. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between allergic diseases (rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis) and the Edinburgh scale at the 20th and 32nd weeks of pregnancy. To analyze the relationship between allergic diseases (rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis) and the Family Apgar at the 20th week of pregnancy. To analyze the relationship between allergic diseases (rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test at the 32nd week of pregnancy. METHODOLOGY STUDY POPULATION: Scope of study and recruitment period The study was carried out in the Region of Murcia, in health area 1 (“Murcia Oeste”) whose reference hospital is the “Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca” and in certain districts of health areas VI (“Vega Media del Segura”) and VII (“Murcia Este”), whose reference hospitals are “Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer” and “Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía”, respectively. Patients were recruited for the study at the Maternal-Fetal Unit of the “Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca”, during a 36-months period, from March 2015 to April 2018. Sampling and sample size Pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and who were invited to participate in the study at the time of the 20 weeks-gestation ultrasound check-up were randomly selected and followed over a period of 36 months. Study Type and Design The study from which the present data were obtained, called “Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA)” is a prospective birth cohort study. The mothers had three follow-up visits, one in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation), one in the third trimester (between 32th and 36th weeks of pregnancy) and the last one at birth. Variables Independent variables -Asthma in the mother; Rhinitis in the mother; Dermatitis in the mother; Conjunctivitis in the mother; Food allergy in the mother; Drug allergy in the mother; Sensitization in the mother; Use of inhaled corticosteroids in the first trimester; Number of days to take inhaled corticosteroids in the first trimester; Use of inhaled corticosteroids in the second trimester; Number of days to take inhaled corticosteroids in the second trimester; Use of inhaled corticosteroids in the third trimester; Number of days of inhaled corticosteroid intake in the third trimester; Positive intraepidermal tests; Epithelial-positive intraepidermal tests; Fungal-positive intraepidermal tests; Pollen-positive intraepidermal tests Dependent variables -Family Apgar test week 20; Edinburgh Depression Scale week 20; Edinburgh Depression Scale week 32; STAI test week 32. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Bronchial asthma did not significantly modify any of the psychological tests used. 2. Rhino-conjunctivitis was the only condition which significantly modified any of the psychological tests used: women with rhino-conjunctivitis scored higher on the Edinburgh test in week 20. 3. Atopic dermatitis did not modify any of the psychological tests used. 4. The Familiy Apgar test was the test that was significantly affected by a higher number of sociodemographic variables. 5. The Edinburgh test is affected by smoking and "separated" or "divorced" marital status, which had higher scores. University studies were associated to lower scores. 6. The STAI test is significantly modified by smoking and "separated" or "divorced" marital status, which obtain higher scores.