Political conversations and regretA qualitative evaluation on the aftermath of political discussions on social media

  1. Goyanes, Manuel 1
  2. Borah, Porismita 2
  3. Gil de Zúñiga, Homero 3
  1. 1 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03ths8210

  2. 2 Washington State University
    info

    Washington State University

    Pullman, Estados Unidos

    ROR https://ror.org/05dk0ce17

  3. 3 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710 1699-2407

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Network activisms

Volumen: 32

Número: 3

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2023.MAY.02 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: El profesional de la información

Resumen

El papel fundamental de las discusiones políticas en la democracia ha sido destacado con frecuencia por la bibliografía cuantitativa y cualitativa en la intersección de la comunicación política y los efectos de los medios de comunicación. Buena parte de esta investigación previa ha girado en torno a si las redes sociales constituyen espacios públicos para la deliberación democrática y bajo qué condiciones se podría alimentar y promover. Partiendo de esta bibliografía y subrayando la importancia de las teorías de los auto-efectos, este estudio cualitativo, basado en 42 entrevistas en profundidad, aclara cómo los usuarios de las redes sociales navegan las discusiones políticas y sus procesos afectivos y cognitivos ulteriores, introduciendo el concepto de “arrepentimiento de la discusión política”. En concreto, este concepto subraya fundamentalmente la esterilidad de participar en discusiones políticas como principal motivación del lamento cognitivo de los usuarios, lo que anula indirectamente el presunto músculo de las redes sociales como esfera de discusión y deliberaciones políticas pública y privada. El estudio también presenta las implicaciones de los resultados y las principales implicaciones teóricas para la bibliografía sobre la discusión política.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Baker, James R.; Moore, Susan M. (2008). “Blogging as a social tool: A psychosocial examination of the effects of blogging”. Cyberpsychology & behavior, v. 11, n. 6, pp. 747-749. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0053
  • Boczkowski, Pablo J.; Mitchelstein, Eugenia; Matassi, Mora (2018). “‘News comes across when I’m in a moment of leisure’: Understanding the practices of incidental news consumption on social media”. New media & society, v. 20, n. 10, pp. 3523-3539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817750396
  • Boulianne, Shelley; Koc-Michalska, Karolina; Bimber, Bruce (2020). “Right-wing populism, social media and echo chambers in Western democracies”. New media & society, v. 22, n. 4, pp. 683-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893983
  • Braun, Virginia; Clarke, Victoria (2006). “Using thematic analysis in psychology”. Qualitative research in psychology, v. 3, n. 2, pp. 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brundidge, Jennifer (2010). “Encountering ‘difference’ in the contemporary public sphere: The contribution of the internet to the heterogeneity of political discussion networks”. Journal of communication, v. 60, n. 4, pp. 680-700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01509.x
  • Chambers, Simone (2003). “Deliberative democratic theory”. Annual review of political science, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 307-326. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085538
  • Connolly, Terry; Zeelenberg, Marcel (2002). “Regret in decision making”. Current directions in psychological science, v. 11, n. 6, pp. 212-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00203
  • Conover, Pamela-Johnston; Searing, Donald D.; Crewe, Ivor M. (2002). “The deliberative potential of political discussion”. British journal of political science, v. 32, n. 1, pp. 21-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123402000029
  • Couldry, Nick (2004). “Theorising media as practice”. Social semiotics, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/1035033042000238295
  • Eveland, William P. (2001). “The cognitive mediation model of learning from the news: Evidence from nonelection, off-year election, and presidential election contexts”. Communication research, v. 28, n. 5, pp. 571-601. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365001028005001
  • Eveland, William P. (2004). “The effect of political discussion in producing informed citizens: The roles of information, motivation, and elaboration”. Political communication, v. 21, n. 2, pp. 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600490443877
  • Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Ardèvol-Abreu, Alberto; Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2021). “WhatsApp political discussion, conventional participation and activism: exploring direct, indirect and generational effects”. Information, communication & society, v. 24, n. 2, pp. 201-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1642933
  • Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Molyneux, Logan; Zheng, Pei (2014). “Social media, political expression, and political participation: panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships”. Journal of communication, v. 64, n. 4, pp. 612-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12103
  • Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Valenzuela, Sebastián; Weeks, Brian E. (2016). “Motivations for political discussion: Antecedents and consequences on civic engagement”. Human communication research, v. 42, n. 4, pp. 533-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12086
  • Goyanes, Manuel; Borah, Porismita; Gil de Zúñiga, Homero (2021). “Social media filtering and democracy: Effects of social media news use and uncivil political discussions on social media unfriending”. Computers in human behavior, v. 120, e106759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106759
  • Goyanes, Manuel; Demeter, Marton (2022). “Beyond positive or negative: Understanding the phenomenology, typologies and impact of incidental news exposure on citizens daily lives”. New media & society, v. 24, n. 3, pp. 760-777. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820967679
  • Guallar, Javier; Suau, Jaume; Ruiz-Caballero, Carlos; Sáez, Albert; Masip, Pere (2016). “Re-dissemination of news and public debate on social networks”. El profesional de la información, v. 25, n. 3, pp. 358-366. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.may.05
  • Halpern, Daniel; Gibbs, Jennifer (2013). “Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression”. Computers in human behavior, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 1159-1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.008
  • Halpern, Daniel; Valenzuela, Sebastián; Katz, James E. (2017). “We face, I tweet: How different social media influence political participation through collective and internal efficacy”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 22, n. 6, pp. 320-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12198
  • Hampton, Keith N.; Shin, Inyoung; Lu, Weixu (2017). “Social media and political discussion: when online presence silences offline conversation”. Information, communication & society, v. 20, n. 7, pp. 1090-1107. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1218526
  • Hwang, Hyunseo; Kim, Youngju; Kim, Yeojin (2018). “Influence of discussion incivility on deliberation: An examination of the mediating role of moral indignation”. Communication research, v. 45, n. 2, pp. 213-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215616861
  • Inman, Jeffrey J.; Dyer, James S.; Jia, Jianmin (1997). “A generalized utility model of disappointment and regret effects on post-choice valuation”. Marketing science, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.16.2.97
  • Jordá, Beatriz; Goyanes, Manuel (2022). “The rear window effect: How users respond to political discussions and persuasive discourses in social media”. International journal of communication, v. 16, pp. 4361-4379. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19027
  • Kim, Yonghwan; Chen, Hsuan-Ting (2015). “Discussion network heterogeneity matters: Examining a moderated mediation model of social media use and civic engagement”. International journal of communication, v. 9, pp. 2344-2365. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3254
  • Landman, Janet (1987). “Regret: a theoretical and conceptual analysis”. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, v. 17, n. 2, pp. 135-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1987.tb00092.x
  • Lecci, Len; Okun, Morris A.; Karoly, Paul (1994). “Life regrets and current goals as predictors of psychological adjustment”. Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 66, n. 4, pp. 731-741. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.731
  • Lee, Sangwon; Diehl, Trevor; Valenzuela, Sebastián (2022). “Rethinking the virtuous circle hypothesis on social media: Subjective versus objective knowledge and political participation”. Human communication research, v. 48, n. 1, pp. 57-87. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqab014
  • Martínez, Luis M. F.; Zeelenberg, Marcel; Rijsman, John B. (2011). “Behavioural consequences of regret and disappointment in social bargaining games”. Cognition and emotion, v. 25, n. 2, pp. 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.485889
  • Masip, Pere; Ruiz-Caballero, Carlos; Suau, Jaume (2019). “Active audiences and social discussion on the digital public sphere. Review article”. El profesional de la información, v. 28, n. 2. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.mar.04
  • Miller, Luis (2020). Polarización en España: más divididos por ideología e identidad que por políticas públicas. EsadeEcPol – Center for Economic Policy and Political Economy. https://dobetter.esade.edu/es/polarizacion-espana
  • Ng, Elaine W. J.; Detenber, Benjamin H. (2005). “The impact of synchronicity and civility in online political discussions on perceptions and intentions to participate”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 10, n. 3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00252.x
  • O’Connor, Eimear; McCormack, Teresa; Feeney, Aidan (2014). “Do children who experience regret make better decisions? A developmental study of the behavioral consequences of regret”. Child development, v. 85, n. 5, pp. 1995-2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12253
  • Park, Chang-Sup (2017). “Do social media facilitate political learning? Social media use for news, reasoning and political knowledge”. The journal of social media in society, v. 6, n. 2, pp. 206-238. https://thejsms.org/index.php/JSMS/article/view/292
  • Patton, Michael-Quinn (2002). “Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A personal, experiential perspective”. Qualitative social work, v. 1, n. 3, pp. 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325002001003636
  • Pingree, Raymond J. (2007). “How messages affect their senders: A more general model of message effects and implications for deliberation”. Communication theory, v. 17, n. 4, pp. 439-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00306.x
  • Pont-Sorribes, Carles; Besalú, Reinald; Codina, Lluís (2020). “WhatsApp como canal de información política en España: credibilidad, perfil de usuarios y compartición de contenidos”. Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 6. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.nov.19
  • Rojas, Hernando (2015). “Egocentric publics and perceptions of the world around us”. In: Gil de Zúñiga, Homero (ed.). New agendas in communication: New technologies & civic engagement. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 93-102. ISBN: 978 1 315750927 https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315750927
  • Schmitt-Beck, Rudiger (2008). “Interpersonal communication”. In: Kaid, Lynda-Lee; Holtz-Bacha, Christina (eds.). Encyclopedia of political communication, Los Angeles: Sage, pp. 341-350.
  • Shah, Dhavan V. (2016). “Conversation is the soul of democracy: Expression effects, communication mediation, and digital media”. Communication and the public, v. 1, n. 1, pp. 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047316628310
  • Statista (2023). “Share of news consumers who used Facebook for news in selected European countries from 2016 to 2022”. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/298038/platforms-used-to-share-online-news-uk
  • Statista (2023). “Number of social media users in Spain from 2019 to 2028”. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/569077/spain-number-social-media-users
  • Su, Yan; Xiao, Xizhu (2022). “Interacting effects of political social media use, political discussion and political trust on civic engagement: Extending the differential gains model”. International communication gazette, v. 84, n. 3, pp. 206-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048521993118
  • Taylor, Cameron E.; Mantzaris, Alexander V.; Garibay, Ivan (2018). “Exploring how homophily and accessibility can facilitate polarization in social networks”. Information, v. 9, n. 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/info9120325
  • Treré, Emiliano (2020). “The banality of WhatsApp: On the everyday politics of backstage activism in Mexico and Spain”. First Monday, v. 25, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i12.10404
  • Valenzuela, Sebastián; Kim, Yonghwan; Gil de Zúñiga, Homero (2012). “Social networks that matter: Exploring the role of political discussion for online political participation”. International journal of public opinion research, v. 24, n. 2, pp. 163-184. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edr037
  • Valkenburg, Patti M. (2017). “Understanding self-effects in social media”. Human communication research, v. 43, n. 4, pp. 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12113
  • Wang, Junkai; Zheng, Bowen; Liu, Hefu; Yu, Lingling (2020). “A two-factor theoretical model of social media discontinuance: role of regret, inertia, and their antecedents”. Information technology & people, v. 34, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-10-2018-0483
  • Wang, Xiaohui; Song, Yunya (2020). “Viral misinformation and echo chambers: the diffusion of rumors about genetically modified organisms on social media”. Internet research, v. 30, n. 5, pp. 1547-1564. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-11-2019-0491
  • Zeelenberg, Marcel (1999). “Anticipated regret, expected feedback and behavioral decision making”. Journal of behavioral decision making, v. 12, n. 2, pp. 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(199906)12:2<93::AID-BDM311>3.0.CO;2-S
  • Zeelenberg, Marcel; Inman, J. Jeffrey; Pieters, Rik G. M. (2001). “What do we do when decisions go awry: Behavioral consequences of experienced regret”. In: Weber, Elke U.; Baron, Jonathan; Loomes, Graham (eds.). Conflict and tradeoffs in decision making, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 136-155. ISBN 0 521 77238 9
  • Zhou, Yushu; Pinkleton, Bruce E. (2012). “Modeling the effects of political information source use and online expression on young adults’ political efficacy”. Mass communication and society, v. 15, n. 6, pp. 813-830. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2011.622064