Revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos sobre la autoría y victimización aporófoba de las personas en situación de sinhogarismo en España (años 2015-2020)

Résumé

According to the latest estimation, homelessness affects 40,000 people in Spain. Despite their high number, there is a lack of knowledge about perpetratorship and victimisation due to the situation of extreme poverty of these people (aporophobia). The objective of this research is to quantify and get to understand the characteristics of homeless people who had committed crimes and/or have been victimised because of aporophobia in Spain, analysing years 2015-2020. The methodology is the systematic review and the PRISMA statement was followed to carry it out. The main databases used were Dialnet, Proquest, and WOS. The keywords were "aporophobia," "homeless people," "victim," "perpetrator," "crime," "hate crime," "review of sentences," and "night count," filtering for the time period 2015-2021. Documents selected were 28, very heterogeneous among them. It was found that 1 in 2 homeless people had been victimised due to aporophobia, as well as reported and/or arrested, with a lower percentage having been convicted. The findings highlight the need to conduct more fieldwork and design a methodology to measure aporophobia in victimisations.