Análisis reticular de las relaciones de colaboración de las empresas de desechos tecnológicos de Panamá

  1. Ángel Zazo 1
  2. Saúl Ardines 2
  3. Amarilis De León 2
  4. María Luisa Paz 2
  5. Virginia Juárez 2
  6. Isaac Perdomo 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Ciencia y de la Tecnología
  2. 2 Universidad de Panamá. Campus Dr. Octavio Méndez Pereira
Aldizkaria:
Scire: Representación y organización del conocimiento

ISSN: 1135-3716

Argitalpen urtea: 2023

Alea: 29

Zenbakia: 2

Orrialdeak: 51-63

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Scire: Representación y organización del conocimiento

Laburpena

In this article we describe the results of an exploratory research carried out to learn about the relationships that companies involved in the collection and/or recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the Republic of Panama maintain with different entities in the country and abroad. Based on the answers given to a questionnaire, two different approaches have been applied: social network analysis (SNA) and network analysis of coincidences (NAC). The few relationships obtained by applying SNA show us that the transfer of knowledge, information, and resources between entities, which would be desirable, is unfortunately very rare. With the NAC we have analysed the characteristics of the relationships that the WEEE companies have maintained, their relationship with the type of entity with which they collaborate, whether they belong to national or foreign groups of companies and how this collaboration is managed. It has become evident that there is little awareness of collection and recycling of technological waste and that there is a need for government involvement in the development of laws and regulations on WEEE, which regulate the technical processes and the relationships between all the actors involved in the process, as well as actions to facilitate collaboration between companies, both in administrative and regulatory aspects and through appropriate incentives for their promotion.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • AAUD; INECO. (2017). Plan Nacional de Gestión Integral de Residuos 2017-2027. Autoridad del Aseo Urbano y Domi-ciliario e Ingeniería y Economía del Transporte.
  • Anugerah, A. R.; Muttaqin, P. S.; Trinarningsih, W. (2022). Social network analysis in business and management research: A bibliometric analysis of the research trend and performance from 2001 to 2020. Heliyon, 8:4, e09270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09270
  • Baldé, C. P.; Forti, V.; Gray, V.; Kuehr, R.; Stegmann, P. (2017). The Global E-waste Monitor—2017: Quantities, Flows and Resources. United Nations University, International Telecommunication Union, and International Solid Waste Association.
  • Baldé, C. P.; Blumenthal, K.; Fondeur Gill, S.; Huisman, J.; Kern, M.; Kuehr, R.; Magpantay, E.; Micheli, E. P. (2015). E-waste statistics: Guidelines on classification, reporting and indicators 2015. United Nations University, IAS -SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany.
  • Belenzon, S.; Berkovitz, T. (2010). Innovation in Business Groups. // Management Science. 56:3, pp. 519-35. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27784131
  • Burt, R. S. (1995). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma.
  • Castro E.; y Fernández, I. (1995). La nueva política de articulación del Sistema de Innovación en España. Concepción, Chile.
  • Cross, R.; Borgatti, S. P.; Parker, A. (2002). Making Invisible Work Visible: Using Social Network Analysis to Support Strategic Collaboration. // California Management Review. 44:2, 25-46. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166121
  • Cueva, A.; Hernandez, C.; Alhilali, S.; Ives-Keeler, K.; Casanas, B. (2023) Promoting circular economy through resource-efficient electronic recycling across Latin America. // lnternational CARE Electronics Office. “Going Green -CARE INNOVATION 2023 Conference Program & Abstract Book”. 9-11 mayo. Vienna, Austria.
  • Cyranek, G.; Silva, U. (2010). Los residuos electrónicos: Un desafío para la Sociedad del Conocimiento en América Latina y el Caribe. Montevideo: UNESCO, Plataforma RELAC SUR/IDRC.
  • Escobar, M. (2015). Studying Coincidences with Network Analysis and Other Multivariate Tools. // The Stata Journal. 15:4, 1118-1156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1501500410
  • Escobar, M.; Martinez-Uribe, L. (2020). Network Coincidence Analysis: The netCoin R Package. Journal of Statistical Software. 93, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v093.i11
  • Escobar, M.; Tejero, C. (2018). El análisis reticular de coincidencias. // Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales. 39, Article 39. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.39.2018.20879
  • España. Real Decreto 110/2015, de 20 de febrero, sobre residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. // BOE. 45 (21 de febrero). https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2015/02/20/110/con.
  • Etzkowitz, H.; y Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and “mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. // Research Policy. 29:2 (2000), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
  • Farnum, F.; Kelly, R. (2019). Primera caracterización nacional de recicladores de oficio de Panamá. // Revista Saberes APUDEP. 2:1, 59-79.
  • Forti, V.; Balde, C. P.; Kuehr, R.; Bel, G. (2020). The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, flows and the circular economy potential. United Nations University/United Na-tions Institute for Training and Research, International Telecommunication Union, and International Solid Waste Association. https://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:7737
  • Gloor, P. A.; Paasivaara, M.; Schoder, D.; Willems, P. (2008). Finding collaborative innovation networks through correlating performance with social network structure. // International Journal of Production Research. 46:5, 1357-1371. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540701224582
  • Graça, P.; Camarinha-Matos, L. M. (2017). Performance indicators for collaborative business ecosystems—Literature review and trends. // Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 116, 237-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.te-chfore.2016.10.012
  • Haberman, S. J. (1978). Analysis of Qualitative Data (Vol. 1). Academic Press.Kilkenny, M.; Fuller-Love, N. (2014). Network analysis and bu-siness networks. // International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 21:3, 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2014.060894
  • Kim, Y. Lui, S.S. (2015). The impacts of external network and business group on innovation: Do the types of innovation matter? // Journal of Business Research. 68:9, 1964-1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.006
  • López-Torres, G. C.; Maldonado Guzmán, G.; Pinzón Castro, S. Y.; García Ramírez, R.; López-Torres, G. C.; Maldonado Guzmán, G.; Pinzón Castro, S. Y.; García Ramírez, R. (2016). Colaboración y actividades de innovación en Pymes. // Contaduría y administración. 61:3, 568-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2015.05.016
  • Naciones Unidas. (2022). Informe de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible 2022. Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales (DESA).Nelson, R. (2008). What enables rapid economic progress: What are the needed institutions? // Research Policy. 37:1 (2008), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.10.008
  • Panamá. Asamblea Nacional (2018). Anteproyecto 201 “Para la Recolección y Tratamiento de Desechos Tecnológicos”, de 26 de marzo de 2018. https://asamblea.gob.pa/APPS/SEG_LEGIS/PDF_SEG/PDF_SEG_2010/PDF_SEG_2018/2018_A_201.pdf
  • Panamá. Asamblea Nacional (2020). Anteproyecto 164 “Que incentiva y promueve el reciclaje de residuos eléctricos y electrónicos en la República de Panamá y dicta otras dis-posiciones”, de 30 de septiembre de 2020. https://asamblea.gob.pa/APPS/SEG_LEGIS/PDF_SEG/PDF_SEG_2020/PDF_SEG_2020/2020_A_164.pdf.
  • Pérez, C. (1996). La Modernización Industrial en América Latina y La Herencia de La Sustitución de Importaciones. // Comercio Exterior. 46:5. 347-363.
  • Prasad, M. N. V.; Vithanage, M.; Borthakur, A. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook of electronic waste management: International best practices and case studies. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Shittu, O. S.; Williams, I. D.; Shaw, P. J. (2021). Global Ewaste management: Can WEEE make a difference? A review of e-waste trends, legislation, contemporary issues and future challenges. // Waste Management. 120, 549-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.016
  • Wagner, M.; Baldé, C.; Luda, V.; Nnorom, I.; Kuehr, R.; Iattoni, G. (2022). Monitoreo regional de los residuos electrónicos para América Latina: Resultados de los trece países participantes en el proyecto UNIDO-GEF 5554, Bonn (Alemania).
  • Zazo, Á.; Ardines, S.; Castro, E. (2015). Redes de colabora-ción de las unidades de investigación de la Universidad de Panamá: Investigación, desarrollo e innovación. // Redes: Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales.26:2, 84-117. https://raco.cat/index.php/Redes/article/view/303165.