Álvarez del VayoFreedom’s Battle (1940) y el llamamiento a la acción

  1. Francisco David García Martín 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02f40zc51

Journal:
Cuadernos republicanos

ISSN: 1131-7744

Year of publication: 2021

Issue Title: Número especial Noventa Aniversario de la Proclamación de la II Repúbica española

Issue: 106

Pages: 167-184

Type: Article

More publications in: Cuadernos republicanos

Abstract

The history of the Second Spanish Republic did not end in March 1939. Thousands of refugees were trying to flee from the new Francoist authorities, seeking refuge in a convulsed Europe where the threat of World War II was already looming. The Negrin government, from exile, maintained the hope that the political situation in Spain could change. The past Spanish conflict was seen as a prelude to the new continental struggle. Within this context, it was still possible to gain the support of Paris and London to prevent the Francoist regime from perpetuating itself. Along these lines, the work of politicians such as Minister Álvarez del Vayo was not interrupted from abroad. He continued to defend President Negrin’s political line. He turned his work into a plea in defence of the young Spanish democracy. The result is the writing of Freedom’s Battle (1940). Throughout this article we will try to show how this text became a new dialectic weapon, to clarify the most propitious reading of the civil war for the interests of its author. The word was the last weapon of this diplomat. He knew its strength, and was willing to use it.

Bibliographic References

  • Álvarez, Julio (1971) Freedom’s Battle. Nueva York: Hill and Wang.
  • Álvarez, Julio (1941). “An Ambassador of Democracy”. The Virginia Quarterly Review, 3, 337-348.
  • Aguilera, Manuel (2019). “El golpe de Casado en Madrid: estado de la cuestión y mitos resueltos 80 años después”. Investigaciones Históricas, época moderna y contemporánea, 39, 621-644.
  • Alía, Francisco (2015). “Negrín ante un enemigo «invisible». La Quinta Columna y su lucha contra la República durante la Guerra Civil española (1937-1939)”. Historia y Política, 33, 183-210.
  • Bahamonde, Ángel (2019). Madrid 1939. Madrid: Cátedra, 2019.
  • Bahamonde, Ángel (1999) y Javier Cervera. Así terminó la Guerra de España. Madrid: Marcial Pons.
  • Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain. Londres: Orion Books.
  • Bolloten, Burnett (1991). The Spanish Civil War. Chapel Hill (Carolina del Norte): The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Bosch, Aurora (2013). “Entre la democracia y la neutralidad: Estados Unidos ante la Guerra Civil española”, Ayer, 90, 167-187.
  • Callahan, William (1987). “The Evangelization of Franco’s “New Spain”. Church History, 56, vol. 4, 491-503.
  • Casanova, Julián (2014). Historia de España. República y guerra civil (vol. 8). Barcelona: Crítica/Marcial Pons.
  • Corbin, John (1995). “Truth and Myth in History: An Example from the Spanish Civil War”. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 25, nº. 4, 609-625.
  • De Hoyos, Jorge (2016). “La evolución del negrinismo en el exilio republicano en México”. Historia y Política, 36, 313-317.
  • Fernández, Carlos R. (2009). “La Guerra Civil española y el Derecho Internacional”. Revista Española de Derecho Internacional, 61, 75-98.
  • García, Hugo (2005). “Historia de un mito político: el peligro comunista en el discurso de las derechas españolas (1918-1936)”. Historia Social, 51, 3-20.
  • Garrido, Magdalena (2009). “Las relaciones culturales hispanosoviéticas (1931-1939)”. Ayer, 74, 191-217.
  • Hernández, Carlos (2019). Los campos de concentración de Franco. Barcelona: Penguin Random House.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric (2012). Historia del siglo XX (1914-1991). Barcelona: Planeta.
  • Holguín, Sandie (2015). “How Did the Spanish Civil War End?... Not So Well”. American Historical Review, 120, 1767-1783.
  • Matthews, James (2015). “‘The Vanguard of Sacrifice’? Political Commissars in the Republican Popular Army during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939”. War in History, 21, 82-101
  • Merino, Juan Carlos (2013). “La «Batalla» de Washington La Guerra Civil Española en los Estados Unidos”. Estudios Internacionales, 176, 51-71.
  • Miralles, Ricardo (1997). “La diplomatie de la République espagnole face a la non-intervention, 1936-1939”. Guerres mondiales et conflicts contemporains, 186, 51-72.
  • Nieva-De la Paz, Pilar (2015). “Isabel de Oyarzábal Smith y su testimonio republicano en la literatura (“En mi hambre mando yo”)”. Anales de la literatura española contemporánea, 40, 257-283.
  • Ojeda, Mario (2006). “El frente diplomático. Defensa mexicana de España ante la Sociedad de las Naciones”, Foro Internacional, 46, 762- 791.
  • Pérez-Olivares, Alejandro (2015). “Objetivo Madrid: planes de ocupación y concepción del orden público durante la Guerra Civil española”. Culture & History Digital Journal, 2, 1-13.
  • Preston. Paul (2014). El final de la guerra. Barcelona: Debate.
  • Snyder, Timothy (2015). Black Earth. The Holocaust as History and Warning. Nueva York: Tim Duggan Books.
  • Thomas, Hugh (2018). La Guerra Civil española. Barcelona: Debolsillo.