El papel de los medios de comunicación en contextos de polarización afectivauna revisión sistemática de la literatura

Bibliographic References

• Abramowitz, A. I., & Saunders, K. L. (2008). Is polarization a myth? Journal of Politics, 70(2), 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080493
• Ahmed, S., & Matthes, J. (2017). Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: A meta-analysis. International Communication Gazette, 79(3), 219-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516656305
• Arabaghatta Basavaraj, K., Saikia, P., Varughese, A., Semetko, H. A., & Kumar, A. (2021). The COVID-19-Social Identity-Digital Media Nexus in India: Polarization and Blame. Political Psychology, 42(5), 827-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12774
• Arora, S. D., Singh, G. P., Chakraborty, A., & Maity, M. (2022). Polarization and social media: A systematic review and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121942
• Beam, M. A., Hutchens, M. J., & Hmielowski, J. D. (2018). Facebook news and (de)polarization: reinforcing spirals in the 2016 US election. Information Communication and Society, 21(7), 940-958. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444783
• Bosilkov, I. (2023). Too incivil to polarize: the effects of exposure to mediatized inter-party violence on affective polarization. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 33(3), 441-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2021.1928679
• Brüggemann, M., Engesser, S., Büchel, F., Humprecht, E., & Castro, L. (2014). Hallin and Mancini Revisited: Four Empirical Types of Western Media Systems. Journal of Communication, 64(6), 1037-1065. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12127
• Casas, A., Menchen-Trevino, E., & Wojcieszak, M. (2022). Exposure to Extremely Partisan News from the Other Political Side Shows Scarce Boomerang Effects. Political Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09769-9
• Cho, J., Ahmed, S., Hilbert, M., Liu, B., & Luu, J. (2020). Do Search Algorithms Endanger Democracy? An Experimental Investigation of Algorithm Effects on Political Polarization. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 64(2), 150-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1757365
• Druckman, J. N., Gubitz, S. R., Levendusky, M. S., & Lloyd, A. M. (2019). How incivility on partisan media (de)polarizes the electorate. Journal of Politics, 81(1), 291-295. https://doi.org/10.1086/699912
• Druckman, J. N., & Levendusky, M. S. (2019). What do we measure when we measure affective polarization? Public Opinion Quarterly, 83(1), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfz003
• Fiorina, P. M., Abrams, S. J., & Pope, J. (2005). Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America (Longman, Ed.; 3rd Edition).
• Gill, H. (2022). Testing the Effect of Cross-cutting Exposure to Cable TV News on Affective Polarization: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 66(2), 320-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2022.2087653
• Gonçalves, J., Pereira, S., & Torres da Silva, M. (2022). How to report on elections? The effects of game, issue and negative coverage on reader engagement and incivility. Journalism, 23(6), 1266-1284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920958367
• Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. Cambridge University Press.
• Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2012). Comparing Media Systems: Beyond the Western World (W. L. Bennett & R. M. Entman, Eds.). Cambridge University Press.
• Harel, T. O., Jameson, J. K., & Maoz, I. (2020). The Normalization of Hatred: Identity, Affective Polarization, and Dehumanization on Facebook in the Context of Intractable Political Conflict. Social Media and Society, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120913983
• Hetherington, M. J. (2001). Resurgent Mass Partisanship: The Role of Elite Polarization. The American Political Science Review, 95(3), 619-631. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055401003045
• Hmielowski, J. D., Beam, M. A., & Hutchens, M. J. (2016). Structural changes in media and attitude polarization: Examining the contributions of TV News before and after the Telecommunications Act of 1996. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 28(2), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edv012
• Hyun, K. D., & Moon, S. J. (2016). Agenda setting in the partisan TV news context: Attribute agenda setting and polarized evaluation of presidential candidates among Viewers of NBC, CNN, and Fox News. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(3), 509-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016628820
• Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use. Journal of Communication, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x
• Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117
• Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405-431. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038
• Iyengar, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2015). Fear and Loathing across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 690-707. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12152
• Jenke, L. (2023). Affective Polarization and Misinformation Belief. Political Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-022-09851-w
• Jiang, T. (2022). Studying opinion polarization on social media. Social Work and Social Welfare, 4(2), 232-241. https://doi.org/10.25082/SWSW.2022.02.003
• Jones-Jang, S. M., & Chung, M. (2022). Can we blame social media for polarization? Counter-evidence against filter bubble claims during the COVID-19 pandemic. New Media and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221099591
• Kelly Garrett, R., Gvirsman, S. D., Johnson, B. K., Tsfati, Y., Neo, R., & Dal, A. (2014). Implications of Pro- and Counterattitudinal Information Exposure for Affective Polarization. Human Communication Research, 40(3), 309-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12028
• Kelly Garrett, R., Long, J. A., & Jeong, M. S. (2019). From partisan media to misperception: Affective polarization as mediator. Journal of Communication, 69(5), 490-512. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz028
• Kim, B., Broussard, R., & Barnidge, M. (2020). Testing political knowledge as a mediator of the relationship between news use and affective polarization. Social Science Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2020.1750845
• Kobayashi, T. (2020). Depolarization through social media use: Evidence from dual identifiers in Hong Kong. New Media and Society, 22(8), 1339-1358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820910124
• Kubin, E., & von Sikorski, C. (2021). The role of (social) media in political polarization: a systematic review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(3), 188-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070
• Lau, R. R., Andersen, D. J., Ditonto, T. M., Kleinberg, M. S., & Redlawsk, D. P. (2017). Effect of Media Environment Diversity and Advertising Tone on Information Search, Selective Exposure, and Affective Polarization. Political Behavior, 39(1), 231-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9354-8
• Lee, S., Rojas, H., & Yamamoto, M. (2022). Social Media, Messaging Apps, and Affective Polarization in the United States and Japan. Mass Communication and Society, 25(5), 673-697. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2021.1953534
• Lelkes, Y., Sood, G., Researcher, I., & Iyengar, S. (2017). The Hostile Audience: The Effect of Access to Broadband Internet on Partisan Affect. American Journal of Political Science, 61, 5-20. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LWED0F
• Levendusky, M. S. (2009). The Microfoundations of Mass Polarization. Political Analysis, 17(2), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp003
• Lu, Y., & Lee, J. K. (2019). Partisan Information Sources and Affective Polarization: Panel Analysis of the Mediating Role of Anger and Fear. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(3), 767-783. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018811295
• Ludwig, K., Grote, A., Iana, A., Alam, M., Paulheim, H., Sack, H., Weinhardt, C., & Müller, P. (2023). Divided by the Algorithm? The (Limited) Effects of Content- and Sentiment-Based News Recommendation on Affective, Ideological, and Perceived Polarization. Social Science Computer Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393221149290
• Martherus, J. L., Martinez, A. G., Piff, P. K., & Theodoridis, A. G. (2021). Party Animals? Extreme Partisan Polarization and Dehumanization. Political Behavior, 43(2), 517-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-019-09559-4
• Mason, L. (2018). Uncivil Agreement. How politics became our identity (1.a ed.). The Chicago Unversity Press.
• McLaughlin, B. (2018). Commitment to the Team: Perceived Conflict and Political Polarization. Journal of Media Psychology, 30(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000176
• Neo, R. L. (2016). Favoritism or animosity? Examining how SNS network homogeneity influences vote choice via affective mechanisms. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 28(4), 461-483. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edv035
• Nordbrandt, M. (2021). Affective polarization in the digital age: Testing the direction of the relationship between social media and users’ feelings for out-group parties. New Media and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211044393
• Onuch, O., Mateo, E., & Waller, J. G. (2021). Mobilization, Mass Perceptions, and (Dis)information: “New” and “Old” Media Consumption Patterns and Protest. Social Media and Society, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121999656
• Padró-Solanet, A., & Balcells, J. (2022). Media Diet and Polarisation: Evidence from Spain. South European Society and Politics, 27(1), 75-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2022.2046400
• Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R.,Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. En The BMJ(Vol. 372). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
• Prior, M. (2013). Media and political polarization. En Annual Review of Political Science (Vol. 16, pp. 101-127). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242
• Reiljan, A. (2020). ‘Fear and loathing across party lines’ (also) in Europe: Affective polarisation in European party systems. European Journal of Political Research, 59(2), 376-396. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12351
• Rogowski, J. C., & Sutherland, J. L. (2016). How Ideology Fuels Affective Polarization. Political Behavior, 38(2), 485-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-015-9323-7
• Rojo-Martínez, J. M., & Crespo-Martínez, I. (2023). «Lo político como algo personal»: Una revisión de la literatura sobre la polarización afectiva. Revista de Ciencia Política (Santiago), 43(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2023005000102
• Rothschild, Z. K., Keefer, L. A., & Hauri, J. (2021). Defensive Partisanship? Evidence that In-Party Scandals Increase Out-Party Hostility. Political Psychology, 42(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12680
• Schmid, F., Treib, O., & Eckardt, F. (2023). The virus of polarization: online debates about Covid-19 in Germany. Political Research Exchange, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2022.2150087
• Serrano-Puche, J. (2021). Digital disinformation and emotions: exploring the social risks of affective polarization. International Review of Sociology, 31(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2021.1947953
• Suarez Estrada, M., Juarez, Y., & Piña-García, C. A. (2022). Toxic Social Media: Affective Polarization After Feminist Protests. Social Media and Society, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051221098343
• Suhay, E., Bello-Pardo, E., & Maurer, B. (2018). The Polarizing Effects of Online Partisan Criticism: Evidence from Two Experiments. International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740697
• Suk, J., Coppini, D., Muñiz, C., & Rojas, H. (2022). The more you know, the less you like: A comparative study of how news and political conversation shape political knowledge and affective polarization. Communication and the Public, 7(1), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473211063237
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. En W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psicology of Intergroup Relations. Brooks/Cole.
• Tong, C., Gill, H., Li, J., Valenzuela, S., & Rojas, H. (2020). “Fake News is Anything They Say!”-Conceptualization and Weaponization of Fake News Among the American Public. Mass Communication and Society, 755-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2020.1789661
• Torcal, M. (2021). La polarización política en España. https://u.osu.edu/cnep/
• Torcal, M. (2023). De votantes a hooligans. La polarización política en España. Catarata.
• Torcal, M., & Comellas, J. M. (2022). Affective Polarisation in Times of Political Instability and Conflict. Spain from a Comparative Perspective. South European Society and Politics, 27(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2022.2044236
• Torcal, M., Santana, A., Carty, E., & Comellas, J. M. (2020). Political and affective polarisation in a democracy in crisis: The E-Dem panel survey dataset (Spain, 2018-2019). https://doi.org/10.17632/6bt6r8cn2r.3
• Törnberg, P., Andersson, C., Lindgren, K., & Banisch, S. (2021). Modeling the emergence of affective polarization in the social media society. PLoS ONE, 16(10 October). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258259
• Tsfati, Y. (2017). Frames and Reasoning: Two Pathways From Selective Exposure to Affective Polarization. International Journal of Communication, 11, 301-322. http://ijoc.org.
• Wagner, M. (2021). Affective polarization in multiparty systems. Electoral Studies, 69, 102199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102199
• Warner, B. R. (2018). Modeling Partisan Media Effects in the 2014 U.S. Midterm Elections. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(3), 647-669. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017712991
• Willnat, L., Ogan, C., & Shi, J. (2023). Media Use and Affective Political Polarization: What Shapes Public Perceptions of Immigrants’ Deservingness? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 67(2), 183-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2023.2173196
• Wojcieszak, M., de Leeuw, S., Menchen-Trevino, E., Lee, S., Huang-Isherwood, K. M., & Weeks, B. (2021). No Polarization From Partisan News: Over-Time Evidence From Trace Data. International Journal of Press/Politics. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211047194
• Wojcieszak, M., & Garrett, R. K. (2018). Social identity, selective exposure, and affective polarization: How priming national identity shapes attitudes toward immigrants via news selection. Human Communication Research, 44(3), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqx010
• Wojcieszak, M., Sobkowicz, P., Yu, X., & Bulat, B. (2022). What Information Drives Political Polarization? Comparing the Effects of In-group Praise, Out-group Derogation, and Evidence-based Communications on Polarization. International Journal of Press/Politics, 27(2), 325-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211004418
• Wojcieszak, M., Winter, S., & Yu, X. (2020). Social Norms and Selectivity: Effects of Norms of Open-Mindedness on Content Selection and Affective Polarization. Mass Communication and Society, 23(4), 455-483. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2020.1714663
• Xia, C., & Shen, F. (2023). How Does Political Tolerance Moderate the Effects of Social Media Use on Political Polarization: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edad006
• Zheng, X., & Lu, Y. (2021). News consumption and affective polarization in Taiwan: The mediating roles of like-minded discussion and relative hostile media percep-tion. Social Science Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2021.1933877
• Zhu, Q., Weeks, B. E., & Kwak, N. (2021). Implications of online incidental and selective exposure for political emotions: Affective polarization during elections. New Media and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336
• Zoizner, A., Shenhav, S. R., Fogel-Dror, Y., & Sheafer, T. (2020). Strategy News Is Good News: How Journalistic Coverage of Politics Reduces Affective Polarization. Political Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1829762