Improving quality of life and reducing behavioral problems of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities through deinstitutionalization

  1. Patricia Navas
  2. Laura Esteban
  3. Víctor Arias
  4. Miguel Ángel Verdugo
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915 1886-144X

Año de publicación: 2024

Volumen: 36

Número: 2

Páginas: 113-122

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.7334/PSICOTHEMA2023.303 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Antecedentes: Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo (DID) con grandes necesidades de apoyo tienen más probabilidades de vivir en entornos segregados y altamente institucionalizados. Este estudio pretende analizar los cambios en el funcionamiento y calidad de vida de este colectivo tras la transición a viviendas ubicadas en la comunidad. Método: La muestra incluyó 54 adultos con DID con grandes necesidades de apoyo que fueron evaluados en tres momentos temporales: antes de la transición, seis meses y un año después de la misma. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Resident Choice Scale, la Escala de Calidad de Vida San Martín, Active Support Participation Measure y la sección de Problemas de Conducta del Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) y pruebas t para medidas repetidas. Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en toma de decisiones, participación e independencia en actividades cotidianas y en calidad de vida, así como una reducción de los problemas de conducta. Conclusiones: Los beneficios encontrados apoyan la necesidad de llevar a cabo procesos de transformación hacia servicios y prácticas profesionales más inclusivas que fomenten los derechos y la pertenencia comunitaria.

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